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Cost and duration of modern campaigns | US government and civics | Khan Academy - YouTube
Channel: Khan Academy
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what we're going to do in this video is
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talk about modern campaigns in
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particular we're going to talk about the
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cost and the duration of modern
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campaigns especially in the united
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states and this graphic here which comes
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from the campaign finance institute and
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it's based on data from the federal
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election committee it clearly shows how
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the costs of congressional campaigns
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have increased amount dramatically since
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1986.
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if you look at nominal dollars for the
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house of representatives so this is just
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the actual dollar amount you see it's
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almost grown by a factor of four or five
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but even if you adjust it for inflation
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the cost has doubled for your average
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house campaign and you see a similar
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trend in the senate campaigns where even
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adjusted for inflation the cost of your
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average senate campaign has increased by
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50 percent
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now this also does not capture all of
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the outside money things like super pacs
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and whatever else if you fast forward to
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2016 your average senate campaign costs
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a little over 10 million dollars but
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there's about that much money
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approximately 10 million dollars that
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also comes in from things like super
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pacs and so it's totally near 20 million
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dollars for a senate campaign on average
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and so particularly competitive
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campaigns can be a lot more than even
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that and if you want to talk about
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really big money you just have to look
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at presidential campaigns so this right
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over here is the last presidential
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campaign in 2016.
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and you can see that hillary clinton's
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candidate committee money was over half
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a billion dollars she actually had a
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good bit more than donald trump and she
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had a good bit more outside money but
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the entire hillary clinton campaign had
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nearly 800 million dollar budget and if
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you combine hillary clinton plus donald
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trump you have a total of 1.2 billion
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dollars for the 2016 campaign
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in 1980 the total was 92 million it's
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more than a 12-fold increase and even if
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you were to adjust for inflation which
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these numbers are not but even if you
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did you would see a several-fold
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increase in the cost of a campaign
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so when you look at these types of
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numbers there's a couple of interesting
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questions that come up one is what is
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the money for
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money
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for
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what well there's many answers to that
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one is is that especially in a
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presidential campaign and to a lesser
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degree in a congressional campaign the
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campaigns have to pay professional
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full-time staffers so
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campaign campaign
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staff you will often have a lot of
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volunteers but for example hillary
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clinton
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in
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2016
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had approximately 4 200 people on
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payroll where about 800 people were
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working directly for her campaign
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another 400 with the democratic national
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committee and roughly 3 000 people with
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state democratic parties in the
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battleground states and beyond on the
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staff you also might have paid political
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consultants and what do all of these
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people do well they come up with a
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campaign strategy
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some of them will do polling to
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understand the sentiment in the larger
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population on specific issues or on the
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candidate and they will do a lot of
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campaign advertising and marketing
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advertising
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and so the staff will think about what
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kind of advertising do we need to do and
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then a large chunk of the money actually
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goes to the advertising itself
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advertising
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especially in mass media for thinking
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about radio and television
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now an interesting question is given
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that in the 2016 campaign hillary
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clinton outspent donald trump by so much
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how was he able to actually win that
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campaign
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well there's several possible
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explanations to that one is is that
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donald trump was very effective at
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getting himself attention that he didn't
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have to spend money for on top of that a
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trend that has emerged really since the
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2008 obama campaign is the increasing
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use of social media in campaigns before
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social media became a major player most
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of that energy really was in mass media
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advertising but now with social media
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you could cater a message to specific
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groups you could focus your message you
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can activate your base more and so more
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and more social media which is currently
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a lot less expensive than say tv
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advertising is becoming a bigger and
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bigger part of campaigns now last answer
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to the question of why so much money is
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that you have long campaigns in the
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united states
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in some countries the campaigns might be
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anywhere from two to six weeks in the
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united states the formal campaign if you
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think about the first primaries it's in
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february of an election year in a
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presidential cycle and then the election
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is in november so you're looking at
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roughly nine to ten months from the
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first primary and caucuses to the
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election but well before the first
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caucus you're going to have the various
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candidates raising money and trying to
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get name recognition and so the actual
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campaign and money raising for a lot of
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these candidates might be closer to two
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years
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and so you can imagine if you're
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spending two years with consultants
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trying to do advertising just so you
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have a showing in some of those first
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caucuses and primaries well that's going
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to cost you a lot of money
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now it's for you to think about whether
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these are good or bad things many people
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would argue that having such a long
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election cycle doesn't allow a lot of
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focus on other things especially if
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someone's the incumbent if they're
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campaigning the whole time can they even
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govern and then another argument against
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all of this money is it might put too
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much influence in the hands of people
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who can give money i'll let you think
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about that
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