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Self esteem, self efficacy, and locus of control | Individuals and Society | MCAT | Khan Academy - YouTube
Channel: khanacademymedicine
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Voiceover: Hi everyone, welcome back.
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So in this video, we're going to talk
about three terms.
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Self esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of
control.
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So self concept, as expanded upon in the
previous video
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of this series, is derived from self
esteem and self efficacy.
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So self-esteem is the regard or respect
that a person has for oneself.
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And self-efficacy is the belief in one's
capabilities to organize
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and execute the courses of action required
in certain situations.
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So in other words, self-efficacy is a
person's belief in
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his or her ability to succeed in a
particular situation.
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And, self-efficacy was developed by
Bandura because of his
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dissatisfaction with the overall general
concept of self-esteem.
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So self-efficacy is much more specific
than self-esteem.
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Self-efficacy can have an impact on
everything
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from psychological states to behavior to
motivation.
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And virtually all people can identify
goals they want to
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accomplish, things they want to change,
things they want to achieve.
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However, most people also realize that
putting
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these plans into action is not so simple.
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So an individual's self-efficacy plays a
major role
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in how goals, tasks, and challenges are
approached.
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And we can split self-efficacy up into two
two types.
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People with a strong sense of
self-efficacy
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versus people with a weak sense of
self-efficacy.
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So people with a strong sense
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of self-efficacy view challenging problem,
problems as
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tasks to be mastered, so I'm going to
write out the acronym RISE, R-I-S-E.
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So people with this strong self of sense
of self-efficacy
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also develop deeper interests and
activities in which they participate.
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They form a stronger sense of commitment
to their interests and activities.
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And they also recover quickly from
setbacks and disappointments.
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So there you have it.
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They can recover quickly.
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They have strong interests.
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They have a strong sense of commitment,
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and they enjoy problems or challenging
tasks.
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And then we have people with weak senses
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of self-efficacy and we'll use the acronym
FALL.
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So people with a weak sense of
self-efficacy avoid challenging tasks.
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They believe that difficult tasks and
situations are beyond their capabilities.
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They focus on personal failings and
negative outcomes.
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And they quickly lose confidence in
personal abilities.
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So you have fail, avoid, lose, and lack.
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Now there are four major sources of
self-efficacy.
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So we look at these sources to determine
whether the
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person will have a strong or weak sense of
self efficacy.
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And the first is mastery of experiences.
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So that means performing a task
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successfully will strengthen our sense of
self-efficacy.
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Then there's social modeling.
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So seeing people similar to ourselves
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successfully complete a task raises our
beliefs
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that, we, too, have the capabilities
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to master comparable activities, and also
succeed.
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The third source is social persuasion.
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So, think about a time when someone said
something
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positive and encouraging, that helped you
achieve a goal.
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Getting this verbal encouragement from
others helps people overcome self-doubt
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and focus on giving the best effort at the
task at hand.
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And the last source is psychological
responses.
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Consider a person who becomes extremely
nervous before speaking in public.
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They may develop a weak sense of
self-efficacy in this situation.
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But by learning how to minimize stress and
elevate mood when facing difficult or
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challenging tasks, we can improve their
sense of self-efficacy.
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Now here is the little catch.
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It's important to remember that a person
with a low
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self-esteem can have a high sense of
self-efficacy and vice versa.
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So this is actually interesting.
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Perfectionists, you may know a couple, you
may be one yourself, have this mismatched.
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They have a low self esteem and possibly a
high sense of self-efficacy.
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And that's because they tend to be overly
critical, and negative about
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themselves, and yet still see themselves
as quite capable in certain areas.
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For instance, a perfectionist might see
himself as uninteresting
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and unlikable, but see himself as a
competent architect.
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They're often competent at tasks with
clear
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guidelines, but they feel a little
uncertain and
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lose a little confidence in situations
without
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these clear rules in things such as
relationships.
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Now let's move on to our last term, locus
of control.
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Locus of control is the extent to which
people
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perceive they have control over events in
their lives.
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And there are two types, internal and
external locus of control.
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So internal locus of control is when a
person
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believes he or she can influence events
and their outcomes,.
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They attribute the results to their own
traits.
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And a person with an external locus
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of control blames outside forces for
everything.
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They attribute events to environmental
traits or causes.
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Individuals with a high internal locus of
control believe that
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events in their life come primarily from
their own actions.
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So, if a person with an internal locus of
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control does not perform as well as they
wanted
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to on a test, for example, they would
blame
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it on lack of preparedness on their own
part.
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And if they performed well on a test, then
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the outcome would be attributed to their
ability to study.
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Now using the same example, if a person
with a high external locus of control does
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poorly on a test, they may attribute this
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outcome to the difficulty of the test
questions.
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And if they perform well in a test, they
may
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think that the teacher was lenient, or
that they were lucky.
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Some external factor is why they performed
well.
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People with an internal locus of control
feel that they control their own destiny,
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rather than their fate being largely
determined by external forces.
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So they tend to be happier, less
depressed, and less stressed.
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Hopefully, this video was to clarify the
differences
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between self-esteem, self efficacy, and
locus of control.
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