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Lec-45: Find Range, Network Id, Host, Broadcast address with Numerical Examples in Hindi - YouTube
Channel: Gate Smashers
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Hello friends, welcome to Gate Smashers. Let's solve one question on
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Classful IP Addressing which will give you more clarity about the concept of IP Addressing
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and this type of questions in GATE exam, UGC-NET,
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Banking exams and many places you will get this type of questions.
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Even in your college or University level exams
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this type of question you will get many times
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and with this question you will get clarity on
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how we can solve questions on IP Addressing.
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So here firstly there is a given IP Address, this one.
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Now first of all I have to find that, I have already written 4 questions,
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I have to find Network ID, 4th Host ID, Last Host, etc.
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First, when you get this type of question, when you are given only an IP Address,
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the first point is you have to find its class, means
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which class it belongs to, if it is a Classful addressing.
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I am already talking about Classful addressing.
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So we have to first of all, find its class.
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So what are the values of classes, the ranges we checked in the videos,
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from previous videos you can study about range of Class A, Class B and Class C.
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The range of Class C is 192 to 223.
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This you have to remember.
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Now in this Class C if you see the first octet,
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always to find the class of an IP address, which class it belongs to,
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you have to see the first octet only.
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Means you can find out just by looking at the first octet.
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So what's the value of first octet? 201.
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Octet means all these values represent 8 bits,
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means 8 bits, 8 bits, 8 bits and 8 bits.
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So total 32 bits IP address is given to me.
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So does 201 lie in this range? Yes, it does.
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So what is the first point I know here?
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This IP address belongs to Class C.
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Now my next question is calculate the Network ID.
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Although this question was not asked, but you will have to find it out
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because here the question asked is Network ID,
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that this IP address comes in which network.
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So to find out that network you need the value of default mask.
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And for default mask you need to know the class first
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because value of mask changes according to the class.
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So now we know Class C, so what is the mask value?
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Mask value is 255.255.255.0
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This is the default mask of Class C. So now I take default mask here,
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what you have to do here is perform AND operation.
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When you perform AND operation you will get the answer to the first question that is Network ID.
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To perform AND operation one method is you open this,
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means write 201 and write all values in binary,
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and then write the values below in binary and perform AND operation bitwise.
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Take each bit and perform corresponding AND operation. But
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I will tell you a simple point, 255 means all 1s.
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And if you AND any value with 255 then the same value will come again,
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means 201 will again be 201. If you want to solve then
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let's say if we open 20, to open 20 we can write it in binary as
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000... 0
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This will be 1.
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00010010
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This will be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. 2 raised to power 4 is 16, and 2...
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Sorry, this one will be 1.
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Means you have to first convert it into binary.
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When you convert into binary, this will be the value of 20 in binary.
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255 is what? 1111 1111
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If you simply perform AND operation here, you will find out
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AND of 0 and 1 is 0, 0, 0, and 1 is 1,
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1 & 0 is 0, 1 & 1 is 1, 0, 0
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So the same value has come again, so you don't have to calculate again and again,
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you save time here and copy the value as it is.
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40 and 0. Here if you open 40, 0 means all eight values are 0.
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So if you AND any value with 0, the answer will be 0 only.
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So here you got the answer to the first question, what is the Network Id?
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201.20.30.0
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Means somewhere there is a network it can be of any organization,
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let's say the organization name is ABC.com
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Let's say the Network Id of that ABC.com is 201.20.30.0
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You visualize it this way, that the whole world,
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the entire worldwide web knows you by this IP address.
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Now what is the second question? 4th Host. Host means what?
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You find out the network, and now you have to find out the hosts.
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Now in Class C how many hosts are there?
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The last octet, the 4th octet in Class C tells about the host.
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4th octet means how many hosts are possible in Class C? Total is 256.
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But out of those, values of 2 hosts or 2 IP addresses, we don't use.
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The first one and the last one. So here we talk about 4th host.
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This is a Network Id. So after this what will be the next IP address in this?
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Next IP address will be 201.20.30.1
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Means you don't have to change this, you can't change Network values.
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If you change this value then you will go from ABC.com to some XYZ.com
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So you changed the whole network. So that's why only host bit is changed,
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in Class C only the last octet tells about the host.
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So if you open this, then 0000 0000
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means keep changing these. So what becomes the first host? 001
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Second host becomes what? 10
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Third one becomes what? 11. Fourth one becomes what? 100
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Means if you convert its value again to decimal then this value will be 4.
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Means 201.20.30.4
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So this will be the 4th host.
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Although if you see it from 0, if you start from 0 then it is 5th,
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but this value with .0, this is not to be given to any host
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because it is to identify the whole network.
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So no host will get this value. So first host will be .1
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Second .2, Third .3, Fourth will be .4
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So what becomes the 4th host? .4
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This way if you are asked what will be the 10th host? .10
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Means 201.20.30.10
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Next, last host, this is a tricky question. If we talk about the last host,
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then you don't have to touch 201.20.30,
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only last values are what? 00000000
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So in these values, what can be the maximum? 11111111
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So what is your answer? 255. Means what is the value of last host? 255
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But wait, this is the last IP address.
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This is the last IP address of this network, this ABC.com
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And we never give the last IP address to any host
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because the last IP address is used as a broadcast address.
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Means if I don't give 255 to any host, I don't give to any user,
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then what will be the last one? One less than 255, that will be 254.
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So my the answer to the third question comes 201.20.30.254
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Now at last we talk about the broadcast address.
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About broadcast address I want to tell you 2 points first,
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broadcast addresses are of 2 types, one is limited and one is direct broadcast.
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There is a limited and a direct broadcast.
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So what is the difference between limited and direct broadcast address,
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that you see here, limited means what?
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Let's say that in this ABC.com there is a host,
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And that host, in its organization, wants to send some message to everyone.
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Means whatever number of people in that organization, to all of them,
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a guy internally wants to send a message, wants to broadcast.
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So in that case we use limited broadcast address,
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and what is the value of limited braodcast address? All 1,
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255.255.255.255
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That is the point. Means if someone is in the organization
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and he wants to send a message to everyone in the same organization
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then he will simply put this destination address, message will reach everyone.
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Means router will not cross ahead, router will internally send that message to everyone.
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But there is another broadcast address that is direct broadcast address.
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Direct broadcast address means there is one more network,
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any let's say XYZ.com
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If those people want to send a message to your organization,
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and want to send a message to everyone in this organization,
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means they want to broadcast in ABC. To broadcast in ABC
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which destination address will they choose? They will choose 201.20.30.255
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Means in this XYZ if anyone, any host
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wants to send a message to all these people in ABC,
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then he will use direct broadcast address and
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the direct broadcast address of this ABC.com is what?
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The last host of that network, the last IP address.
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The last IP address is what? 201.20.30.255
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So what is my direct broadcast? This is the direct broadcast.
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So this host will put what in its destination IP address? 201.20.30.255
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When this message comes to this router it will know that
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this message is to be broadcast to everyone from ABC.
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So this is how we calculate the direct broadcast address
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and mostly you will not be asked about limited
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because limited broadcast address is always same that is 255.255.255.255
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and when do we use limited?
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When a host wants to send message to everyone in the same organization,
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then we use limited broadcast address.
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But if some user from some other network wants to send message in your network,
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or if I want to send message from my network to another network,
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I want to broadcast message to all the people, then in that case,
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we reserve the last IP address of that network for the direct broadcast address.
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That's why they will mostly ask you about direct broadcast address,
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because limited is always fixed.
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And direct broadcast address if you want to find out, then simply what to do?
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The last IP address of that network is the direct broadcast address.
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So this is all about the question, how you have to solve question like this.
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So if you like my video, please share it with your friends
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and please subscribe my channel, Thank you.
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