'Accordion' Families Expand for Boomerang Kids, 'Parasite Singles' to Move Home - YouTube

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bjbjLULU GWEN IFILL: Now, young adults who leave the nest, only to come right back home
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again.
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NewsHour economics correspondent Paul Solman looks at what is behind that growing trend.
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It's part of his regular reporting Making Sense of financial news.
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PAUL SOLMAN: The Schaffer residence in Newton, Massachusetts, outside Boston.
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Fraternal twins Becky and Naomi both went away to college in Canada, graduated last
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year.
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Both worked part-time.
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And both are so-called boomerang kids, back home with their parents.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN, author, "The Accordion Family": Can you tell us a little bit about what your
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high school friends are doing now?
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Are many of them back in Newton as well?
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BECKY SCHAFFER, college graduate: Yes.
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Most of them are.
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I would say that only one of our high school friends, or two -- one or two of them have
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really gotten good full-time jobs.
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PAUL SOLMAN: The fifth person in the Schaffers' kitchen?
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Sociologist and Johns Hopkins Dean Katherine Newman, demonstrating her field work skills.
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NAOMI SCHAFFER, college graduate: I didn't want to move somewhere random.
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BECKY SCHAFFER: I kind of wish I did it, not that I don't have living at home, but . . . KATHERINE
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NEWMAN: Why do you say that?
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BECKY SCHAFFER: I just feel like, when I first moved home, I was like OK, Becky, like, six
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months, and then you're, like, not going to here anymore, you're going to move out.
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And I feel like I'm getting a little bit complacent.
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PAUL SOLMAN: The Schaffers could have sprung straight from Newman's new book, "The Accordion
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Family," which chronicles a worldwide trend that is reversing what we used to think normal.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: In my generation, if you didn't leave home at 18, there was something
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really wrong with you.
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This phenomenon of young people either boomeranging back or never leaving has grown like topsy.
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PAUL SOLMAN: What exactly is an accordion family?
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: An accordion family -- the reason I use the accordion term is to capture
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this sense of expansion and contraction, that the family is not a stable group.
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It's sort of moving in and out.
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But primarily, I mean multigenerational households with working or non-working young adults and
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their parents.
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PAUL SOLMAN: So, the accordion is being pulled out.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: It's being pulled out, and especially it's being pulled in the younger
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direction.
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We have had accordion families of a different kind in the past that stretch to incorporate
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the older generation.
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PAUL SOLMAN: My grandfather lived with our family when I was a kid.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: Right.
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That is less the case now.
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So the accordion is stretching in the other direction.
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And when you tie that together with the recession, which is making everyone so anxious about
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the economic future of rising generations, it's a recipe for panic in many cultures.
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PAUL SOLMAN: The culture most alarmed, Japan's, which calls its boomerang kids parasite singles.
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The one featured in this TV show looks like he's pushing middle age.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: In Japan, it is provoking really almost hysterical reactions.
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PAUL SOLMAN: Why?
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: Well, because the Japanese view is that this is indicative of a damaged
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generation that's not taking its place, its orderly, correct place in the trajectory of
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life in Japan.
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When you ask, why are your children at home, what you get is a highly moralistic explanation.
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It's all about how these kids these days, they're not behaving properly.
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They have rejected our way of life.
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They don't seem to know how to grow up.
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PAUL SOLMAN: No wonder there is such falling birth rates in these places.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: Right, below replacement fertility.
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The same is true in Spain and Italy.
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So all the countries where you have these accordion families are countries in which
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the birth rates have fallen through the floorboards.
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PAUL SOLMAN: I actually stayed with an accordion family on a reporting trip to Spain in 2010.
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High youth unemployment meant that more than half of all 20- and 30-somethings were back
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home, including the son of my friend journalist Jose Antonio Soler.
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Daughter Andrea, visiting her folks with some friends, explained.
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ANDREA MARTINEZ WESTLEY, daughter: Most of our friends live in their parents' houses
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because they can't pay rent.
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PAUL SOLMAN: Like your brother, living here.
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ANDREA MARTINEZ WESTLEY: Yes, like my brother.
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Like his brothers -- he has four brothers.
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And three of them are still living with his parents, which his oldest brother is 32 and
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he's still living with his parents.
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PAUL SOLMAN: Unlike the Japanese, though, Spaniards have an economic explanation for
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their generation: (SPEAKING SPANISH) neither studying nor working.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: They will say, my child is still at home because the government liberalized
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contracts, rubbish contracts.
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That's the phrase they would use, rubbish contracts, that permitted short-term employment,
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part-time wages, and within less than a decade a huge chunk of Spanish youth were found in
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those kinds of jobs, short-term, part-time.
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They couldn't earn enough money to own a home.
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And there's very little rental housing in countries like Spain and Italy.
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PAUL SOLMAN: Newman's accordion family project was actually launched in Italy when, in a
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conversation with a researcher there, Newman first learned that attitudes toward boomerang
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boys (SPEAKING ITALIAN) are culture-specific.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: You know, we're just talking about our families.
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What do your kids do?
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What do my kids do?
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And she said: "Well, my son, he is 35.
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And I clean his room every day.
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And I take care of his laundry."
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And I was trying to control my reaction and say, gee, that's really interesting, rather
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than what I was thinking, which was, are you crazy?
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(LAUGHTER) PAUL SOLMAN: And she's a professional, I take it?
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: Just like me, exactly.
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And I said, "What's it like having your son at home at 35?"
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And she said, "Well, why would he ever leave me?"
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PAUL SOLMAN: So, in Italy, they're happy with accordion families.
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With Spain, they're not so happy.
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Japan, they're really unhappy.
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So what's the American attitude towards accordion families, boomerang kids?
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: Complicated, ambivalent.
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Our view of whether this is a problem depends a lot on where we think these kids are headed.
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PAUL SOLMAN: But where they're headed these days is impossible to predict.
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Evan Melillo had a B.A. in history as of June 2009.
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A job in town government, a town just north of Cape Cod didn't pan out.
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So?
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EVAN MELILLO, college graduate: I went on Craigslist and I looked up every tutoring,
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assistant teacher, sub, you know, anything with even remotely -- I think I applied to
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a driving school.
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And so far, I got two e-mails back.
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PAUL SOLMAN: Making just $72 a week, he d moved back home, where his older brother had
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lived for years.
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In December 2010, he found steady work as a substitute teacher and is now also pursuing
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a graduate degree, all the while living at home.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: If your children come home and they're making tracks toward the future,
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then it seems like a very reasonable likelihood that they're going to be fine.
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Then families feel quite comfortable about it.
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But if it feels indefinite, if it's not clear it's going to work out, if their plans don't
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materialize, that sets off a wave of anxiety in American households.
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And we tend to make that nervousness rain down on them in the form of persistent questions
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-- did you apply for jobs today, did you look for that master's degree program, and try
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to negotiate very delicately some form of parental encouragement.
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PAUL SOLMAN: Prod, a parental prod.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: There are some silver linings to this.
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If your child is not leaving home, then you're not becoming older.
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You might be biologically older, but, sociologically, you're not.
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And when they're in your home, you don't treat them the same way, the surveillance, the anxiety,
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all that nasty stuff they had to do when they were teenagers.
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PAUL SOLMAN: At the Schaffers, parents Kenny and Lianne were mostly positive about their
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no-longer empty nest.
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LIANNE SCHAFFER, mother: It's a pleasure really to have them around, even though it's more
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work and more, you know, mess and all that.
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PAUL SOLMAN: The girls' take?
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BECKY SCHAFFER: Even though my parents are cool, it's nice to live by yourself in an
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apartment and not kind of have to answer to anyone.
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PAUL SOLMAN: You can't sleep until 2:00 in the afternoon.
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BECKY SCHAFFER: Oh, I do that.
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But I can't -- like, you know, I can't sit in my living room and drink with my friends
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until late into the night, like I did in college.
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And that's okay.
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But, I mean, this is like our family's home, so I can't just do whatever I want.
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NAOMI SCHAFFER: I'm here indefinitely.
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PAUL SOLMAN: There is this notion that you ought to be moving on in your life.
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NAOMI SCHAFFER: Yeah.
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However, seeing that the job market isn't ideal, I'm not in a rush to find something
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to do to start my career.
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So, until I figure that out, I'm not going to do anything drastic.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: You look across these countries, and you see that everywhere where there used
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to be long-term employment, this has shifted toward part-time contracts.
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It's easier to fire workers.
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The accordion family becomes the way in which we step up and try to cure all of the ills
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of the marketplace.
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And we make the best of it.
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And I think we actually deserve some pat on the back for doing so.
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It's an indication of the resilience of American families that we do so.
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But it has its limits.
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PAUL SOLMAN: Both kids, or two of your three kids back home?
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Would you prefer them to be living on their own?
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KEN SCHAFFER, father: If you asked me the same question in 10 years, yes, I might have
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a different answer.
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But, right now, I like having them home a lot.
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KATHERINE NEWMAN: If this reaches 28, if this reaches 30, and they still can't see their
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way to an independent future, I think we will start to draw the line and really worry in
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very profound ways about where the country is going.
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And in very many ways, I think that's exactly where we are right now.
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We're not sure where we're going economically and what the future will hold for the next
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generation.
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PAUL SOLMAN: Hey, who is sure about the future these days?
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:pd$ urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags country-region urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags
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State urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags place urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags
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City GWEN IFILL: Now, young adults who leave the nest, only to come right back home again
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Normal Microsoft Office Word GWEN IFILL: Now, young adults who leave the nest, only to come
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