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Is p less than .05? P-Value; Significance Testing; Hypothesis Testing; Reject Null Hypothesis - YouTube
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in this video we'll take a look at
whether you should report P is less than
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.05 or P is greater than
.05 in a given situation. In
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hypothesis testing a common question I
receive as I said before is whether
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state P is less than .05 or
P is greater than .05. The
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answer to this question is it really
depends. It depends on whether the
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results are statistically significant or
not. Let's go ahead and take a look at
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this next. So suppose that we ran a
statistical test and we obtained results
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that were statistically significant. If
this was the case then we would reject
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the null hypothesis. So when the results
are statistically significant we state P
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is less than .05 or in other
words when we reject the null hypothesis
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we state P is less than .05
and this assumes that an alpha of 0.05
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is used when we use an alpha .05
that's why we state P is less than
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0.05 if we used an alpha .01
and the test was statistically
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significant then we would say P is less
than .01 and for those who
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are interested we'll get into the
technical details about why we state P
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is less than .05 in just a
few moments. So in summary for
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statistically significant results we
want to state P is less than .05.
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If, on the other hand, we obtained
results that were not statistically
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significant, we would fail to reject the
null hypothesis. When the results are not
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statistically significant we state P is
greater than .05.
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So, in summary, for non significant
results we state P is greater than
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.05. Technically speaking the p
value like when we state P is less than
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.05 it indicates the
probability and that's what P stands for
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probability of getting our results or
results even more extreme if the null
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hypothesis was true. When we say P is
less than .05, we're
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declaring that the probability of
getting the results we obtained is less
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than .05 or five percent if
the null hypothesis was true and this
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makes the results significant as it
occurs less than five percent of the
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time by chance alone. So this is why we
state, with significant results, that P is
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less than .05, because the
chance or probability of getting such
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results is less than five percent.
On the other hand getting non
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significant results indicates that the
probability of getting the specific
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results we obtained is greater than
.05 or five percent if the
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null hypothesis was true. This is why
with non significant results we say P is
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greater than .05 because the
chance of getting such results is
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greater than five percent. If you've
gotten this wrong or been confused about
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this before don't be discouraged as this
is one of the most common questions or
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really mistakes that I see made in
statistics I get a lot of questions
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about this and a lot of people get it
backwards so just try to remember here
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four significant results you want to say
P is less than .05 and this
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is when you reject the null hypothesis
so if you get statistically significant
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results you put P is less than
.05 and then for non significant
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results you just put the opposite P is
greater than .05 and in this
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case this is when you fail to reject the
null or you accept the null as some
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people say and just as a reminder if you
were to use alpha .01 then
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you would say P is less than .01 or P is greater than .01
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depending on whether you got significant
or non significant results, respectively.
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Okay that's it; thanks for watching.
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