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The future of work: is your job safe? - YouTube
Channel: The Economist
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[Music]
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this is the workforce of the future
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technology is transforming the world of
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work beyond all recognition
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creating groundbreaking opportunities
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it's an amazing thing to be living in
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this digital age but it's also eroding
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the rights of workers it creates kind of
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dog-eat-dog world some even fear a
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dystopian jobless future technology
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today could lead to 45% of current jobs
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disappearing but are these anxieties
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overblown the future is about the
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collaboration between humans and these
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technologies how we react to this brave
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new world of work today will shape
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societies for generations to come
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[Music]
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[Music]
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for some people work is where the Wi-Fi
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is
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in the past two years Samantha and
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Justin have lived and worked in more
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than 20 countries we started this year
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in South America we lived in Peru in
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Santiago Chile
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barolay Argentina Croatia Innsbruck
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Austria Portugal Italy Norway which was
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really pretty and then we're on Reunion
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Island for two month off of Madagascar
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yes
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and when we were there everyone was like
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how in the world did you how did you
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find this place but throughout their
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travels Justin and Samantha have each
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been holding down a job
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he runs a digital creative agency and
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she works for a california-based
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start-up there are very modern
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incarnation of a very old idea they're
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digital nomads thank you
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today people working remotely around the
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globe like this number in the millions a
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lot of people that define themselves as
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digital nomads move around very very
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frequently but we typically move around
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at least once a month the couple say the
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extraordinary recent advances in digital
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technology allow them to keep exploring
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the world without compromising their
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careers we rent an apartment we set up
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an office we're not on vacation we live
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pretty normal lives and so it gives us
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the opportunity to kind of integrate and
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become locals and try on different
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flavors of life there are downsides to
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this liberating Grand Tour of new
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cultures and horizons digital nomads
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sometimes have to be more nomadic than
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they might like just out of curiosity I
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wonder what the visa policy is location
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independent workers as they're also
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known often travel on tourist visas and
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are usually restricted to a maximum of a
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few months in each country so Fuji we
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need to go to so that we can get out of
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New Zealand yeah well we violate their
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visa policy yeah
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but some countries are going out of
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their way to attract this new breed of
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global worker Estonia is about to launch
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a special visa allowing them to stay for
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a year with other countries set to
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follow suit some predict there could be
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a billion location-independent workers
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by 2035 for those with no ties it all
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points to an increasingly borderless
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brave new world of work centered around
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the digital revolution and it sounds
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extravagant but we don't need much to be
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able to work and be productive if you're
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smart about it I think that travel can
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be a long-term sustainable lifestyle and
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it's not that crazy after more than 60
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million Americans who work over 50
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million are employees
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they work for somebody else in the
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middle of the 20th century many workers
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in the rich world expected a job for
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life in one place but today frequent job
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changes are not unusual and 70% of
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professionals around the globe do some
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work remotely these seismic changes are
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leading to continual reinventions of
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that most traditional workplace the
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office in San Francisco entrepreneur
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Frank boulier is starting his daily
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journey to work you have to move from my
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room go down the stairs to my off space
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I would say it's a dream commute yeah
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Frank's part of an emerging trend living
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and working with other people in the
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same place when I moved from one space
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to the other space I switch from living
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to working the space run by a company
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called Rome includes meeting rooms
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relaxation areas and even a cocktail bar
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it caters to the more exclusive end of
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the global co-working market
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you get to meet amazing people from all
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across the world and find that exciting
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the vibe is less office more
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professional commune and the residents
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are glad of the chance for some digital
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detox we're all cell phones other to
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technology and I think that what do you
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make about Rome is that it builds
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community and it builds a communal
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living style that allows that sort of to
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unplug at times this kind of communal
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living might have niche appeal right now
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but 2.3 million people worldwide already
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share co-working spaces and there are
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signs these make for more productive
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workers the Harvard Business Review
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found that nearly nine out of ten
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co-workers felt happier than in their
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previous place of work and over 80
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percent felt more engaged and motivated
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I've never been more productive like
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even though I do less hours whatever I
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go back to traditional corporate
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nine-to-five no technology is also
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changing how people work in live in
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poorer countries
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Kabira Kenya Africa's largest slum work
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here is scarce the average wage is less
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than $2 a day
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Joseph Kemal grew up here this is my
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first computer two years ago he was
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scraping by as a street hawkers selling
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food but today Joseph is making a new
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living as a paid-up member of the global
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gig economy the labor market where
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self-employed workers are paid to do
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short-term freelance tasks for me a
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person living here in Kibera how would I
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have gotten a job for a person in
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America he gets up to ten part-time jobs
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a week entering data for clients based
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all around the world it's an amazing
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thing to be living in this digital age
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Joseph works in arguably the fastest
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growing segment of the gig economy known
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as a human cloud some of the jobs that
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used to be done by white-collar workers
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in wealthier countries are now broken
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down into individual tasks these are
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advertised online and carried out by
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remote workers scattered across the
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globe this human cloud industry is worth
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an estimated 50 billion dollars a year
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now the Kenyan government is training 1
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million young people for this new
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digital workforce and helping them is
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the outsourcing firm samasource plans
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are they included Google eBay and
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Microsoft freelancers here work on a
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range of digital services including
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image tagging for artificial
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intelligence we're training close to
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drove themselves we are working on
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projects on the South some fear that the
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flow of digital service jobs from rich
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countries to poorer ones could push down
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wages globally but for many people here
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the new opportunities offer a way out of
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poverty I know someone sitting in the US
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might say you know a job like this is
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not paying a living wage but for us it
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really gives us an opportunity to be
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able to bring some of these young people
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into digital age and the digital economy
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since working in the human cloud joseph
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has been able to move his family out of
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the slum I'm gonna join University next
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semester I'm gonna do computer science
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my dream cause
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[Music]
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in wealthier countries some workers see
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the gig economy as less of an
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opportunity and more of a threat Max
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Dewhurst is a delivery cyclist for a
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British courier firm who campaigns for
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workers rights how many jobs am I gonna
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do today am I gonna do 18 jobs or 30
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jobs on days when it's very slow we're
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not going to make enough money to live
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many online platforms those
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intermediaries between customers and gig
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workers don't cap the number of
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freelancers that clock on each day this
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can flood the market ramping up
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competition and slashing earnings it
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creates kind of dog-eat-dog world and a
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very competitive world amongst the
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workforce some competition amongst
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workers is healthy for consumers but Max
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has a more fundamental complaint the
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basic employment rights such as sick pay
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and job protection are denied to most
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gig economy workers they don't have any
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ability to set the price of their labor
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they don't have any ability to negotiate
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with the client they have zero
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protection of course people like
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flexibility but that shouldn't come at
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the expense of everything that's ever
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been fought for for the last 200 years
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[Music]
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[Applause]
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max continues that fight as vice
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president of the independent Workers
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Union of Great Britain
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[Music]
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the union is mounting legal challenges
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against large companies operating in the
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gig economy we've taken a number of
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career companies to tribunal and City
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Spring II Korea Addison Lee and Excel
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and now we're taking on delivery as well
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to critics like Max the lack of rights
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offered to workers in the gig economy by
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big contractors is rapacious capitalism
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that will increase inequality there are
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the loads and those are people on these
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bogus contracts we see it more and more
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spreading into other sectors cleaning
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retail banking and that's very worrying
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amid heightened concerns about job
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security some workers are facing new
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pressures to become more efficient and
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productive but what lumps is it
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acceptable for companies to go to to
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achieve this in Boston Massachusetts
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workers at this firm are being closely
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watched their every conversation is
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analyzed their every move monitored this
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is our humanized symmetric badge their
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employer humanise has designed
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surveillance technology to gather data
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about how they spend their time at work
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so it knows if I'm speaking or not
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speaking and it knows if I'm moving
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whether I'm walking around or just
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sitting at my desk during the day it
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knows generally where I am in the office
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and it also can tell my proximity to
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other people wearing badges
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information from employees emails and
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calendars is integrated with data
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collected by their badges we have a
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number of sensors in them bluetooth
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that's able to do
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location the office microphones look at
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how much I caught motion sensor to look
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at posture overall activity levels the
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company says it uses this data to
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improve the productivity of its workers
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and their work environment I see
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interactions within my team how many of
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my teammates did I interact with in a
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week or a month the same gender or the
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other gender I can see my dominance in
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conversation the green is my speaking
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time versus the blue which is and I'm
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listening I use this data as a way to
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optimize my work experience humanize
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cells its surveillance technology to
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companies around the globe and with more
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than ten thousand people now wearing its
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badges worldwide business is starting to
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boom because now we have all this
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quantitative data coming in we're able
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to understand at an unprecedented level
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this kind of surveillance technology is
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raising fears about workers welfare and
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rights to privacy a British report found
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that 70 percent of workers believe
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workplace monitoring will become more
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common in the future over 60 percent
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believe it will fuel distrust and
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discrimination
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humanized says it anonymizes and
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aggregates data and doesn't record the
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content of conversations but other tech
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companies are developing ever more
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intrusive ways to monitor work forces
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including microchipping staff and
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photographing them at their desks using
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webcams
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[Music]
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I mean there's legitimate concerns
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around this kind of data when it comes
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to it for example could your boss look
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at what you're doing
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minute by minute in the organization can
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they look at what you're writing in
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emails and things like that at some
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point someone will do the wrong thing
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with this kind of data but in the minds
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of many people there's an even greater
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threat to the workforce of the future
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and it comes from a new breed of worker
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one that is relentlessly efficient works
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round the clock and never complains
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robots and artificial intelligence are
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increasingly part of many industries
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machines will soon take the wheel from
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truck drivers and companies are turning
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to new types of robots for mass
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production of food new worries about
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robots taking jobs Automation is set to
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cause mass disruption to working lives
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as artificial intelligence and
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automation grow by leaps and bounds
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could lead to 45% of current jobs
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disappearing but how justified is this
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wave of automation anxiety sweeping
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across the world are hundreds of
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millions of workers really heading for a
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jobless future
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[Music]
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in a warehouse in southern England the
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dystopian vision of a fully automated
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future appears to have arrived this
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swarm of robots is packing groceries for
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British firm Accardo one of the world's
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most technologically advanced online
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retailers here collaboration is key
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these robots are being orchestrated by a
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sophisticated piece of machine learning
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it's a bit like an air traffic control
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system they collaborate with one another
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so if a robot wants to pick a bin that's
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fourth down in a given stack of bins it
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just gets three of its friends or
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colleagues to move the top three bins
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out of the way and then it grabs the one
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it wants but the robots here aren't
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working together to replace humans
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they're working with them the robots
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take containers of products to pick
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stations where people put the orders
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together I think the job is a lot less
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taxing than us physically the robots
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themselves are very efficient so they
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take a lot of the grunt work out there
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there are little helpers what's more a
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card oh say these robots have actually
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created more jobs at the company than
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existed before
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none of the 13,000 people that work for
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Accardo would have a job myself included
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if it wasn't for what we do with
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technology and automation as we've found
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new ways to automate processes a number
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of people working for a card over has
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only ever increased because the ongoing
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growth of the business a growing body of
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research suggests artificial
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intelligence and machines could create
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at least as many jobs as they displace
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one report estimates that while 75
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million jobs will be lost globally by
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2022 there could be a hundred and thirty
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three million new ones we are on a
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journey to go on finding ways to add
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automation but it's about teaching
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people to be more adaptable in terms of
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their jobs and their skill sets because
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the future is about the collaboration
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between humans and these technologies
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disruption to working lives is
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inevitable and insecurities will persist
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how bosses workers and governments
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respond to these challenges will
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determine whether this new working
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landscape lives up to its enormous
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promise
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[Music]
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