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COVID-19 Vaccine Update | How Vaccines are Developed - YouTube
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the science of vaccinology
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together with the tools of public health
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are the thing that is going to get us
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out of this this will
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end this is not something that's going
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to be with us forever
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all right tell me
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[Music]
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researchers and scientists with the
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support of the us government
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are racing against the clock to develop
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a vaccine against the novel coronavirus
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my name is dr anthony fauci and i'm the
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director of the national institute of
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allergy and infectious diseases
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at the national institutes of health in
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the department of health and human
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services
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what we have here with the coronavirus
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is a virus
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that's new that is highly highly
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efficient
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in spreading from human to human and
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asic relatively speaking
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a considerable degree of morbidity and
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mortality
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you put all those things together and
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that's the perfect storm
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how would a vaccine protect us from the
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novel coronavirus
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the virus that causes covet 19 known as
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sars cov2
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is made up of an outer lipid envelope
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inside of which is coiled
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a single rna strand once the virus
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enters the body its outer protein spikes
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attach themselves to receptors on cells
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in the lungs
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the spikes allow the rna strand to slip
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into healthy cells and reproduce
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killing the healthy cell and spewing out
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multiple new versions of the virus
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the host's immune system reacts by
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creating specific antibodies
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and by activating immunity cells to
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fight the virus
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a covet 19 vaccine would provide a
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protective shield
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by stimulating immune response ahead of
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any exposure to the virus
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one of the great triumphs of medical
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science
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and dealing with infectious diseases has
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been vaccinations
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it has saved hundreds and hundreds and
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hundreds of millions
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of people's lives now you have smallpox
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eradicated polio eliminated
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measles in many countries eliminated
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rubella
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mumps hepatitis meningitis all those
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things
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how do scientists develop a new vaccine
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to develop a vaccine typically research
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sponsors begin by selecting a
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methodology and developing a candidate
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through lab research and selective
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humane testing on animals
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with approval from the u.s food and drug
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administration clinical trials in humans
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can begin
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phase one of clinical trials assesses
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the safety of the vaccine in a small
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group of volunteers
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phase two assesses both safety and
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efficacy of the vaccine
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and a slightly larger study group and
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then phase three
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which is a very large trial assesses
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efficacy in a large population of
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subjects against control groups
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in the case of the covet 19 phase three
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trials we're running actually larger
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trial than usual we have
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thirty thousand subjects per trial amman
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sev slowly
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chief scientific advisor to operation
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warf's people when the trials will be
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completed then the fda will look at the
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data and assess
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whether the vaccines are efficacious and
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whether they're safe
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i'm dr stephen hahn the commissioner at
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the food and drug administration
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we have the gold standard of safety and
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effectiveness
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for all medical products the fda along
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with all of our sponsors
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have top of mind ace the safety of a
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vaccine
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we will not cut corners in terms of our
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assessment of fda
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of that gold standard of safety and
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effectiveness
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how long could it take to develop a
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covet 19 vaccine
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vaccine development can take years but
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there's no set timeline
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in the case of sars cov2 scientists have
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a jump on it
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so is operational processes that take
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years and compress it in two months and
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the way we do that
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is by running different processes in
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parallel
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rather than sequentially so for instance
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we ramp up manufacturing of the vaccines
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while we're running the phase 3 trials
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before we know whether the vaccines are
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efficacious or not
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if they turn out to be efficacious and
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the fda approves them
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we will use them if they are not
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efficacious
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then we won't use them simultaneously we
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work with dod on needed supplies
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so that when a vaccine is ready we can
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administer it widely
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i'm dr robert cadlick i'm the assistant
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secretary for preparedness and response
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at the department of health and human
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services
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the fda can give emergency use
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authorization or licensure
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for promising candidates from what we
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know about the initial findings
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we are cautiously optimistic that we
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will be able to have a vaccine available
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by the end of the calendar year 2020 and
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the beginning of 2021.
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what types of vaccines are scientists
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developing
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operation warp speed has invested in a
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number of
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vaccine platform technology such as for
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instance
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the novel rna platform technology
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but also a more established technology
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such as protein-based vaccine
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sponsors of vaccines including the us
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government are looking at a variety of
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different platforms and i'll use a
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sports analogy this is like taking
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multiple shots on goal
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we're coming from different directions
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to attack the virus
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hopefully several of them will be
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effective
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what are some of the reasons for
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optimism the overwhelming majority of
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people who get infected with this virus
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do well and recover in other words their
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body
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has made an immune response that's
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adequate enough
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to suppress the virus and eliminate it
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from their body
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that gives us optimism to feel that a
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vaccine
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will induce the kind of response that
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would mimic that
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and so protect us we're marshaling the
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breadth and depth of scientific
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resources to find the safest
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and most effective vaccine i am
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confident
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fda has the scientific expertise to make
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the right decision for the american
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people
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we are laser focused on the science of
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vaccines
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for the latest information please visit
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hhs.gov
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coronavirus
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produced by the us department of health
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and human services at taxpayer expense
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