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Oil & Gas 101: Follow The Pipe on a Wellsite [How Production Equipment Operates] - YouTube
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Hi, I'm Mark with Kimray. Today we're
going to follow the pipes on an oil and
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gas well site and then explain how each
piece equipment operates.
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This is a wellhead, this is where it all begins. The producer has drilled his well, in this
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case, has had to set a rod pump in a
pumping unit in order to get the liquid
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to the surface. We'll follow the wellhead
and go to the flow line to start the
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separation process of oil water and gas,
which could be very near the equipment
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or in some cases over a mile in length
before it gets to the equipment in order
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to be processed. So the flow line coming from the wellhead comes up to this point.
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All the oil all the fluid all the gas is
coming through right through this line
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to this two-phase vertical separator. Gas
being lighter than liquid raises to the top
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of the vessel. That's where the natural
gas breaks out of the well stream, comes
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down this pipe and into a Kimray back
pressure valve. The back pressure valve
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holds constant pressure on the vessels
to allow it to move liquids to the next
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destination. Any gas over the setpoint
will be sold down this line over to the
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meter run. The gas is measured and
recorded and then at this point it is
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sold, typically to an outside source or a
midstream company. This is a cash
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register for the producer that allows
him to make money off the resource
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that he's brought to the surface. A
second valve that's related to the sales
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line is what we refer to as the flare
valve. The flare valve is installed in
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case of maintenance on the sales line or
in the winter time of a line could
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possibly freeze or further on down the
line they may be tying in a new well and
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pressure backs up on the existing
location. What the flare valve does set
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at a higher setpoint than the sale
valve if that pressure is met then this
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valve opens up and sends all the gas
that used to be sent to the atmosphere
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it's now set to a combustor or a flare
to be incinerated until the condition
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changes. The fluid that drops back into
the bottom of the two-phase vertical
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separator is controlled by a liquid
level controller in this case a float
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ball connected to a mechanical linkage
to a dump valve. As the fluid rises it
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lifts the float ball in the vessel
pushing down on the mechanical linkage
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which then in turn opens the mechanical
dump valve the oil the water and any
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solids that might be in the liquid flow
down this pipe into the dump line and in
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this case the dump line could go to a
couple of places – it could be go to a
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final destination of a storage tank, but
in this case the producer needs to
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further process the emulsion in order to
make it sellable. This emulsion line
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will go down the dump line into another
vessel and that vessel is called a
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heater treater. The emulsion flows into
the treater at the very top of the
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treater is a baffle. At that baffle the
gas, which again is lighter then the
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liquid, breaks out of the top comes down
this pipe, comes down to here – one valve
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takes us to sales - the gas to sales - the
other valve takes us to flare. Once the
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emulsion enters the heater treater
and the gas breaks out of the top, there
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is a down comer that funnels the fluid
to the bottom of the treater
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and at that point the emulsion starts to
break loose as a result of heat applied
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to the process fluid. That process fluid
then relaxes its molecules and the oil
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and water separates more naturally
by itself the oil being lighter and
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gravity than the water will float on top
of the water as it reaches a setpoint.
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Oil spills over comes down the downcomer pipe and then you'll see another
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Kimray valve - the treater valve. only
controls the liquid in the downcomer
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pipe it does not control the liquid
inside the vessel as the height in the
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downriver pipe meets its desired level
the valve will come open the liquid will
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leave the valve go down the pipe and
into its final destination as crude oil
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into the storage tank where the
midstream company purchases crude oil
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from the producer and then is taken to a
refinery for further processing. As the
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emulsion is being processed with the use
of heat provided by the fire tube more
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salt water will be produced in order to
control the level of salt water in the
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vessel the vessel comes with what we
refer to as a water siphon. The produced
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water then it goes up this pipe into
what we call the siphon box or the weir
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box there is a designated spillover
point or a siphon nipple. As the water
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reaches that level the water spills over,
goes down this downcomer pipe and again
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the valve controls only the level in the
downcomer pipe. As the liquid comes down
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the pipe, the valve will come open - will
come down the pipe - and then will exit to
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either a fiberglass tank for storage or
it will go to the water treatment plan
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on this location for further processing
and then will be disposed of there.
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This is a recirculating line - goes into
the recirculating pump from here it goes
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back to the inlet of the treater;
runs through the whole treater again. So,
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there's a line that we can bypass the
separator, and then there's a line that
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we can bypass the treater,
and then there's a line that we can
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bypass both of them. It's all done with
valving.
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