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Hip joint - Bones, ligaments, blood supply and innervation - Anatomy | Kenhub - YouTube
Channel: Kenhub - Learn Human Anatomy
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Hey everyone!
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This is Nicole from Kenhub, and in this tutorial,
we're going to be looking at the hip joint,
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its articulations, movements, blood supply
and innervation.
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So, the hip joint is a ball and socket synovial
joint forming the connection between the lower
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limb and the pelvic girdle and, as we can
see in this image, we have the pelvis here
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and the right femur just here.
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And the hip joint is also multi-axial meaning
that it rotates on more than one axis which
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allows for a wider range of movement.
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And, of course, the hip joint is designed
for stability and weightbearing.
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So as we can see in this image, the head of
the femur articulates with the lunate surface
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of the acetabulum of the pelvis.
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The lunate surface is concave which is like
the shape of a crescent moon as the name lunate
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suggests.
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And the hip joint can therefore also be referred
to as the acetabulofemoral joint.
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Now, both the lunate surface of the acetabulum
and the head of the femur are covered by hyaline
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cartilage with the exception of the fovea
capitis femoris which we'll talk a little
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bit about later.
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And, of course, hyaline cartilage is a simple
cartilage found on many articulating surfaces.
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So, the acetabulum is the part of the pelvis
where the ilium, ischium and pubis bones merge
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and as we've mentioned before, it's concave
and almost entirely encompasses the head of
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the femur which of course contributes to the
stability of the joint, and we've already
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mentioned the lunate surface of the acetabulum
which is covered by hyaline cartilage.
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So as we can see in this image at the center
of the acetabulum is a non-articulating surface
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which is known as the acetabular fossa just
here, and this part of the acetabulum contains
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loose connective tissue, a mobile fat pad
and is not covered by hyaline cartilage.
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The acetabular labrum is the fibrocartilaginous
collar or lip that surrounds the bony rim
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of the acetabulum and as we can see, it bridges
across the acetabular notch just here as the
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transverse acetabular ligament.
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And the labrum of the acetabulum increases
the stability of the hip joint by deepening
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the acetabulum and increasing the area of
articulation with the head of the femur.
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So as we can see in this image, the ball of
the ball and socket hip joint is the rounded
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head of the femur which sits within the concavity
of the acetabulum which is our socket of the
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joint.
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And the head of the femur is entirely covered
by hyaline cartilage except for an area called
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the fovea capitis femoris which we have talked
about briefly before.
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This is where the ligament of the head of
the femur connects the femur at the fovea
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to the acetabular fossa, the transverse acetabular
ligament, and the margins of the acetabular
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notch.
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And now let's just point out some of these
structures in this image.
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So, we have the fovea capitis sticking out
here.
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This is, as we've mentioned, the ligament
of the head of the femur.
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And then we have the acetabular fossa here,
the transverse acetabular ligament running
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across here, and the acetabular notch margins
which are just here.
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So now we're going to move on to talk about
the joint capsule which we can see in this
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image covering the head of the femur and the
acetabulum.
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So, the joint capsule of the hip joint attaches
to the acetabular labrum and the transverse
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acetabular ligament proximally which we can't
see in this image but is underneath the fibrous
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capsule just here while attaching to the intertrochanteric
line of the femur which is shown in green
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distally.
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And as it has to be, it is a strong fibrous
capsule that can accommodate a wide range
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of movements and the capsule is strengthened
and reinforced by the help of three ligaments.
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Anteriorly and superiorly by the iliofemoral
ligament which connects the anterior inferior
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iliac spine and the acetabular rim to the
femoral intertrochanteric line, and the iliofemoral
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ligament is the strongest of the hip joint
ligaments.
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Inferiorly and anteriorly, the pubofemoral
ligament arises from the obturator crest and
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the superior ramus of the pubis and blends
with the capsule and the medial part of the
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iliofemoral ligament.
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And posteriorly, the ischiofemoral ligament
seen here from a posterior view connects the
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ischial part of the acetabular rim to the
neck of the femur.
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And as we can see, the fibers from these three
ligaments are arranged in a spiral fashion
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around the hip joint which helps stabilize
the joint by pulling the head of the femur
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medially into the acetabulum.
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This reduces the amount of muscle energy required
to maintain a standing position and it prevents
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the hyperextension of the hip as well as excessive
abduction.
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So now let's talk about the range of movements
in the hip joint.
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So the range of hip movements in the hip joint
include flexion – movement of the leg forward;
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extension – movement of the leg backward;
abduction – movement of the leg laterally
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away from the midline of the body; adduction
– movement of the leg medially towards the
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midline of the body; medial rotation – internal
rotation of the thigh towards the midline
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of the body; lateral rotation – outward
rotation of the thigh from the midline of
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the body; and circumduction – conical precise
360° movement of the leg.
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And blood is supplied to the hip joint primarily
by the medial and lateral circumflex femoral
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arteries – the medial shown on the left
and the lateral shown on the right – and
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both of these arise from the deep femoral
artery.
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And also by the artery to the head of the
femur which runs within the ligament of the
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head of the femur which is shown in green
and the artery to the head of the femur is
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a branch of the obturator artery.
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And innervation of the hip joint comes anteriorly
from the femoral nerve, inferiorly from an
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articular branch of the anterior division
of the obturator nerve, posterosuperiorly
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from the superior gluteal nerve, and laterally
from the articular branch of the sciatic nerve.
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This video is more fun than reading a textbook,
right?
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If you want more videos, interactive quizzes,
articles, and an atlas of human anatomy, click
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on the “Take me to Kenhub” button.
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It's time to say goodbye to your old textbooks
and hello to your new anatomy learning partner,
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Kenhub!
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See you there!
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