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The Future of TVs is NOT What You Think! - YouTube
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- I thought the next big
thing in TVs was gonna be
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MicroLED, a technology with
all of the advantages of
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OLED and none of the downsides.
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It was gonna be sweet, but I was wrong.
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Samsung recently announced
that they are ceasing all
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LCD production by the end of
the year and investing eleven
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billion dollars in OLED,
but with quantum dots?
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Quantum dots don't go with
OLEDs, why would you even
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want that?
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Why didn't they do this already then?
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To learn more, we talked
to nanosys, a company that
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actually makes the majority
of the worlds quantom dots,
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who gave us absolutely fascinating
answers to all of these
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questions and more.
[40]
Origin PC just introduced
multiple corsair case options
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for their desktops and new
laptops powered by the latest
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intel and nvidia tech.
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Customize your Origin PC
with a Samsung 970 EVO m.2
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at originpc.com or the link below.
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(electronic music)
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Quantum dots can make OLEDs
better in three key ways,
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more accurate colors, higher
brightness, which is great for
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HDR, and wider viewing angles.
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Sound familiar?
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Great because that's exactly
the same benefits that
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quantum dots have been
bringing to LCDs for years now.
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But the way that Samsung's
going to use them on OLEDs
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is different from anything
that we've seen before.
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Look at this nanosys road
map for 2018, it's divided
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into three sections which
we can think of as present,
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near future, and not so near future.
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Here in the present, all
quantum dot displays are LCDs
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with quantum dot enhancement films.
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What Samsung's planning with
their QD display OLEDs is
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in the near future, second
half of 2021 to be exact,
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but COVID so.
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Then in the far future we've
got wacky microLED competitors
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that are neither LCD nor OLED,
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but we'll save that for later.
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To help us understand this
road map and the tech that
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could be in your next TV,
let's start with a quick primer
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on why quantum dots are
useful in the first place.
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- Quantum dots are molecule
sized spheres of nano
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semiconductor materials that
emit light if you provide
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them with energy and they
behave differently according
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to their size, so if you
shine a high energy photon
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like a blue light, at a
quantum dot that's seven
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nanometers wide, it'll glow red.
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Shine the light on a three
nanometer dot, and it'll
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glow green.
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The best part is nanosys
can vary their output in
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one nanometer steps.
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So they get to be really picky
about what color shines out.
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Blue?
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That's just what I wanted.
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- So quantum dots allow a
display to load true red or
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true green and that's not just an opinion.
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You can tell by looking at
the wave form of the light.
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For comparison, here is a
typical LCD back light unit,
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these lights don't actually
shine white, they shine blue.
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As you can see here.
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Then their treated with a
yag phosphor so that it all
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mixes into white, but you see
how narrow that blue light is?
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The industry uses a measure
called full width half max.
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It's the width of the wave
half way up it's amplitude.
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So our blue LED has a full
width half max of about twenty
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to thirty nanometers right here.
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The yag portion on the other
hand, well that is a big
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wide one hundred nanometer
mess containing contaminating
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colors like pink, orange, and teal.
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That's a problem.
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The white light from the
source then passes through
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color filters at the displays
sub pixels to separate
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the light into red, green, and blue.
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Now these filters themselves
have a pretty loose
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definition for each color, so
what ends up hitting your eye,
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inevitably goes through
this game of telephone.
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Garbage in, garbage out.
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But what if we made our
white light using a blue back
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light with red and green quantum dots?
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Well now, everything has a
full width half max of just
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thirty nanometers, then when
the color filters take say red,
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they only get red, not, you
know, orange or something.
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Now we get really accurate
output, something that's good
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enough for color professionals
in print or content
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creation or for a high quality
HDR monitor since HDR specs
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require wide color gamuts in
addition to very high contrast.
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But it kinda makes you wonder.
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If you start with pure red,
green, and blue, why do you
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even need the color filters?
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Ah ha, so this is the different
between phase one and phase
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two of the nanosys road map.
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The new quantum dot OLEDs that
Samsung's making don't use
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quantum dot enhancement films
like we've seen on every
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quantum dot display so far.
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Instead they have quantum
dot inkjet printed onto the
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panel substrate itself.
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These displays then don't
have color filters, they just
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have quantum dot color
conversion and the difference in
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wording there is deliberate.
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A filter stops all of the
colors of light that you don't
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want and keeps the color that
you do, but that's a waste
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of light and therefore energy.
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Conversion with quantum dots
takes all of the light and
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converts it into the desired
color with an efficiency or
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quantum yield, man that's
sci-fi marketing term if I ever
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saw one, greater than 95%.
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So with this new knowledge,
let's go back to the three ways
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that quantum dots will make OLEDs better.
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Number one, they will
have more accurate colors,
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because quantum dots have
slightly narrower full width
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half max's than the current OLED solution.
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Number two, the brightness
will be higher because more
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of the emitted light will
be allowed to pass through
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instead of being blocked.
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And number three, they will
have wider viewing angles
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because quantum dots are just
plain better at scattering
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light evenly in all directions
than the around 50 degrees
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that current OLEDs give you
before the colors turn to shift.
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So that's what's happening,
but why is it happening now?
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Samsung's been using quantum
dots and making the worlds best
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OLEDs screens for smart
phones for years now.
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I mean, didn't they already
have all the ingredients?
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Does anybody know why they
didn't just put them together?
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- Not really.
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Samsung's amoled phone
displays are RGB OLEDs,
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while the big screen TVs
that LG makes are WOLED.
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No one's been able to scale
RBG OLEDs beyond small
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screen sizes like this because
of manufacturing limitations.
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And Samsung's inexperience
making big screen OLEDs,
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means they have to play catch
up in terms of addressing
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geometry because the driver I
see on the edge of the display
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are so far away from the
pixels in the sender.
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- They also have to figure out
exactly how to make an OLED
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using a lone blue phosphor.
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Ideally the blue light
wouldn't have to be converted,
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avoiding any efficiency loss
at all but for that to happen
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it has to be the right blue, royal blue.
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Sort of like this
underwear from lttstore.com
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and not aquamarine or
something dark and purply,
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which has been common in the past.
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It's difficult because unlike
quantum dots, these phosphors
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are complex, organic materials
that are doped with your
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opium and other rare earth
materials and you can't sort
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these millions of molecules
after the fact, you can only
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control the manufacturing.
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The rumor right now is that
Samsung will be targeting the
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DCIP3 color gamut using a
mix blue emitter without
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conversion.
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- Then there's the manufacturing
side, the color converting
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quantum dots have to be
imprinted onto the display
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substrate.
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That means that not only does
the inkjet printing for color
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filter in a large splays need
to be possible, which only
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happened recently, but the
quantum dots themselves need to
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be integrated into inks that
don't clog the inkjet nozzles,
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can be printed at open air
rather than in a vacuum,
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and can be cured using
standard manufacturing methods.
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Seems expensive, I'm not gonna throw it.
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- I personally cannot wait
to get my hands on these
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QD OLED displays so get
subscribed so you don't miss that.
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But what about that far future
section of the road map?
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Well this is where
things get really sci-fi.
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Quantum dot electro
luminescent or QDEL displays.
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Sounds kinda dumb but QLED
was already taken I guess,
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so door.
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Remember how quantum dots
shine when you put energy
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into them?
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Well that energy doesn't
have to be a shining light,
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you could power them with electricity.
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Here, the quantum dots
themselves would form the pixels,
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simplifying the technology
stack and because quantum dots
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aren't as sensitive as
OLEDs, they don't need to be
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manufactured in vacuum chambers
with walls as thick as a
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battleships.
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That enables manufacturing
that is so much simpler that it
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could reap other breakthroughs
like truly flexible
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substrates that can fold
entire radius' that we've seen
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so far or devices so cheap and
so thin that your wallpaper
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could be a display.
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That tech is actually in the
lab today with research by
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nanosys customers happening
all over the world.
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So then what are we waiting for?
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Well the limiting factor
right now is lifetime,
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particularly of the blue
and green quantum dots.
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The problem has to do with
non radiative recombination
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pathways.
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In layman's terms, if you
put energy into a device
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and not all of it turns into
light, the rest is either
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creating heat or breaking chemical bonds.
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That's a problem.
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Now nanosys thinks that we're
gonna get this sorted out
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within the next five years or so.
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So that would mean that the
first devices to hit the
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market would come in around 2025 to 2027.
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Not bad considering that
we're trying to understand
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these materials at the atomic scale.
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So if you're wondering where
microLED fits into all of this,
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check out our video where we
explain why something called
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mass transfer is keeping
those from hitting the market
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on mass, it's a really good one.
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