The Future of TVs is NOT What You Think! - YouTube

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- I thought the next big thing in TVs was gonna be
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MicroLED, a technology with all of the advantages of
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OLED and none of the downsides.
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It was gonna be sweet, but I was wrong.
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Samsung recently announced that they are ceasing all
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LCD production by the end of the year and investing eleven
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billion dollars in OLED, but with quantum dots?
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Quantum dots don't go with OLEDs, why would you even
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want that?
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Why didn't they do this already then?
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To learn more, we talked to nanosys, a company that
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actually makes the majority of the worlds quantom dots,
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who gave us absolutely fascinating answers to all of these
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questions and more.
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at originpc.com or the link below.
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(electronic music)
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Quantum dots can make OLEDs better in three key ways,
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more accurate colors, higher brightness, which is great for
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HDR, and wider viewing angles.
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Sound familiar?
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Great because that's exactly the same benefits that
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quantum dots have been bringing to LCDs for years now.
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But the way that Samsung's going to use them on OLEDs
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is different from anything that we've seen before.
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Look at this nanosys road map for 2018, it's divided
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into three sections which we can think of as present,
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near future, and not so near future.
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Here in the present, all quantum dot displays are LCDs
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with quantum dot enhancement films.
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What Samsung's planning with their QD display OLEDs is
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in the near future, second half of 2021 to be exact,
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but COVID so.
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Then in the far future we've got wacky microLED competitors
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that are neither LCD nor OLED,
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but we'll save that for later.
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To help us understand this road map and the tech that
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could be in your next TV, let's start with a quick primer
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on why quantum dots are useful in the first place.
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- Quantum dots are molecule sized spheres of nano
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semiconductor materials that emit light if you provide
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them with energy and they behave differently according
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to their size, so if you shine a high energy photon
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like a blue light, at a quantum dot that's seven
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nanometers wide, it'll glow red.
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Shine the light on a three nanometer dot, and it'll
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glow green.
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The best part is nanosys can vary their output in
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one nanometer steps.
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So they get to be really picky about what color shines out.
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Blue?
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That's just what I wanted.
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- So quantum dots allow a display to load true red or
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true green and that's not just an opinion.
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You can tell by looking at the wave form of the light.
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For comparison, here is a typical LCD back light unit,
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these lights don't actually shine white, they shine blue.
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As you can see here.
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Then their treated with a yag phosphor so that it all
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mixes into white, but you see how narrow that blue light is?
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The industry uses a measure called full width half max.
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It's the width of the wave half way up it's amplitude.
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So our blue LED has a full width half max of about twenty
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to thirty nanometers right here.
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The yag portion on the other hand, well that is a big
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wide one hundred nanometer mess containing contaminating
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colors like pink, orange, and teal.
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That's a problem.
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The white light from the source then passes through
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color filters at the displays sub pixels to separate
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the light into red, green, and blue.
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Now these filters themselves have a pretty loose
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definition for each color, so what ends up hitting your eye,
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inevitably goes through this game of telephone.
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Garbage in, garbage out.
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But what if we made our white light using a blue back
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light with red and green quantum dots?
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Well now, everything has a full width half max of just
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thirty nanometers, then when the color filters take say red,
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they only get red, not, you know, orange or something.
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Now we get really accurate output, something that's good
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enough for color professionals in print or content
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creation or for a high quality HDR monitor since HDR specs
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require wide color gamuts in addition to very high contrast.
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But it kinda makes you wonder.
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If you start with pure red, green, and blue, why do you
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even need the color filters?
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Ah ha, so this is the different between phase one and phase
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two of the nanosys road map.
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The new quantum dot OLEDs that Samsung's making don't use
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quantum dot enhancement films like we've seen on every
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quantum dot display so far.
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Instead they have quantum dot inkjet printed onto the
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panel substrate itself.
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These displays then don't have color filters, they just
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have quantum dot color conversion and the difference in
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wording there is deliberate.
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A filter stops all of the colors of light that you don't
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want and keeps the color that you do, but that's a waste
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of light and therefore energy.
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Conversion with quantum dots takes all of the light and
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converts it into the desired color with an efficiency or
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quantum yield, man that's sci-fi marketing term if I ever
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saw one, greater than 95%.
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So with this new knowledge, let's go back to the three ways
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that quantum dots will make OLEDs better.
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Number one, they will have more accurate colors,
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because quantum dots have slightly narrower full width
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half max's than the current OLED solution.
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Number two, the brightness will be higher because more
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of the emitted light will be allowed to pass through
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instead of being blocked.
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And number three, they will have wider viewing angles
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because quantum dots are just plain better at scattering
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light evenly in all directions than the around 50 degrees
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that current OLEDs give you before the colors turn to shift.
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So that's what's happening, but why is it happening now?
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Samsung's been using quantum dots and making the worlds best
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OLEDs screens for smart phones for years now.
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I mean, didn't they already have all the ingredients?
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Does anybody know why they didn't just put them together?
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- Not really.
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Samsung's amoled phone displays are RGB OLEDs,
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while the big screen TVs that LG makes are WOLED.
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No one's been able to scale RBG OLEDs beyond small
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screen sizes like this because of manufacturing limitations.
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And Samsung's inexperience making big screen OLEDs,
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means they have to play catch up in terms of addressing
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geometry because the driver I see on the edge of the display
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are so far away from the pixels in the sender.
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- They also have to figure out exactly how to make an OLED
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using a lone blue phosphor.
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Ideally the blue light wouldn't have to be converted,
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avoiding any efficiency loss at all but for that to happen
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it has to be the right blue, royal blue.
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Sort of like this underwear from lttstore.com
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and not aquamarine or something dark and purply,
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which has been common in the past.
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It's difficult because unlike quantum dots, these phosphors
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are complex, organic materials that are doped with your
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opium and other rare earth materials and you can't sort
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these millions of molecules after the fact, you can only
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control the manufacturing.
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The rumor right now is that Samsung will be targeting the
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DCIP3 color gamut using a mix blue emitter without
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conversion.
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- Then there's the manufacturing side, the color converting
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quantum dots have to be imprinted onto the display
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substrate.
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That means that not only does the inkjet printing for color
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filter in a large splays need to be possible, which only
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happened recently, but the quantum dots themselves need to
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be integrated into inks that don't clog the inkjet nozzles,
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can be printed at open air rather than in a vacuum,
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and can be cured using standard manufacturing methods.
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Seems expensive, I'm not gonna throw it.
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- I personally cannot wait to get my hands on these
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QD OLED displays so get subscribed so you don't miss that.
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But what about that far future section of the road map?
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Well this is where things get really sci-fi.
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Quantum dot electro luminescent or QDEL displays.
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Sounds kinda dumb but QLED was already taken I guess,
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so door.
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Remember how quantum dots shine when you put energy
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into them?
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Well that energy doesn't have to be a shining light,
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you could power them with electricity.
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Here, the quantum dots themselves would form the pixels,
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simplifying the technology stack and because quantum dots
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aren't as sensitive as OLEDs, they don't need to be
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manufactured in vacuum chambers with walls as thick as a
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battleships.
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That enables manufacturing that is so much simpler that it
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could reap other breakthroughs like truly flexible
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substrates that can fold entire radius' that we've seen
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so far or devices so cheap and so thin that your wallpaper
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could be a display.
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That tech is actually in the lab today with research by
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nanosys customers happening all over the world.
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So then what are we waiting for?
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Well the limiting factor right now is lifetime,
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particularly of the blue and green quantum dots.
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The problem has to do with non radiative recombination
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pathways.
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In layman's terms, if you put energy into a device
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and not all of it turns into light, the rest is either
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creating heat or breaking chemical bonds.
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That's a problem.
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Now nanosys thinks that we're gonna get this sorted out
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within the next five years or so.
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So that would mean that the first devices to hit the
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market would come in around 2025 to 2027.
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Not bad considering that we're trying to understand
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these materials at the atomic scale.
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So if you're wondering where microLED fits into all of this,
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check out our video where we explain why something called
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mass transfer is keeping those from hitting the market
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on mass, it's a really good one.