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Arabic Grammar: Creating Multi-Clause Sentences With 'anna' and 'inna' in MSA أنَّ/إنَّ - YouTube
Channel: FC LangMedia
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SabaaH al-kheir! In this video we're going to
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talk about the sentence compliments أنّ
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and إنّ and how we use them in formal
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Arabic. In Arabic these words functions
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similarly to the English conjunction ‘that,’
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in sentences like these: ‘James says that
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his friend is a professor,’ or ‘we
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understand that you are busy,’ ‘I know that
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you want to study engineering.’ In English,
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we can usually get away with skipping
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these conjunctions, especially in speech,
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right? Functionally there isn't much
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difference between ‘James says that his
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friend is a professor,’ and ‘James says his
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friend is a professor.’ In Arabic, however
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we don't usually omit it, and in formal
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Arabic, as a matter of fact we need to
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use it when we're constructing this kind
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of multi-clause sentence. This is a list
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of some verbs that you might know that
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can use أنّ in this kind of sentence,
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and you'll notice that the verb for ‘to say,’
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يقول
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takes a slightly modified form: it has
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إنّ instead of أنّ, so we have the
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‘hamza’ on the bottom with a ‘kasra,’ and
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the ‘i’ sound instead of the ‘a’ sound. So
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if we wanted to translate one of these,
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for example let's take the sentence
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about James, ‘James says,’ you start with
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this verb ‘that his friend is a professor.’
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In Arabic we need to follow أنّ and إنّ with a
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جملة اسمية, right, a nominal sentence
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so we could say
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‘James yaquul inna…’ and now we need
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a جملة اسمية, right with a مبتدأ
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and a خبر, a subject and predicate.
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صديقه أستاذ.
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So now we have a complete
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‘jumla ismiyya.’ صديقه is our مبتدأ
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the subject of our جملة اسمية, and
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‘ustaadh’ is the ‘khabar,’ the information.
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Who is he, what is he? Why do we care? ‘Huwa
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ustaadh.’ Now, what we
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want to use a pronoun? In that case, we
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still need that جملة اسمية, that
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nominal sentence and what we need to do
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is attach a suffix to ‘anna’ or ‘inna.’ Now if
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you've studied لأنّ, one of the words
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that we can use to express ‘because’ in
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Arabic, you remember that we attach
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suffixes that are almost identical to
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the possessive suffixes, and as a matter
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of fact لأنّ, that word meaning
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‘because,’ is a combination of the
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conjunction لِـ and the words we're
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talking about right now, أنّ. So we
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attach those suffixes in exactly the
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same way, and over here we have a little
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chart of those suffixes that we would
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use. So if we take our second
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sentence, ‘we understand that you are busy,’
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we'd start with that verb, نفهم
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‘that you…’ let's assume that it's a
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singular masculine ‘you’ that we're
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talking about, so we start with our أنّ
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and then we need to attach that
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pronounو which is going to be أنّكَ.
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So now this ـك is functioning as the
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‘mubtada’, right, the subject of our ‘jumla
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ismiyya,’ our nominative sentence, so then
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we just need our خبر which would be
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‘mashghoul,’ busy, نفهم أنّك مشغول.
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Now, if our second clause after
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Anna also requires a conjugated verb or
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two in Arabic, then we still need to have
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that nominative sentence, right we still
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need to begin with a noun or a pronoun.
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So this third sentence, for example ‘I
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know that you want to study engineering,’
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and let's make that ‘you,’ a female let's
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suppose that we're addressing a woman
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here, we would say أعرف
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and then the ‘that you,’ again we're going
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to need that suffix attached to أنّ، أنّكِ
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‘ki’ because we're talking to a
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woman, ‘you want to study engineering,’ so ‘ki’
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is our subject, representing أنت, and now
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we're going to use a conjugated verb
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as though we're saying أنت so
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‘you want,’ we would say أنتِ تريدين,
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but we don't need أنت because we have
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our modified pronoun here, أنّك تريدين
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‘you want to study,’ now we remember
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that in a formal Arabic sentence like
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this, we're going to use a different
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particle, أنّك تريدين أن
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تدريس
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الهندسة
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So here, we have really a complete
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sentence, and because we need, again to
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have a nominal sentence after ‘anna,’ we
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need to include that pronoun, we need to
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lead with the pronoun, or the noun after
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‘anna.’ We could skip all of this and
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have a perfectly good جملة فعلية,
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a verbal sentence, right ‘you want to study
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engineering,’ but within the larger
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context of the sentence, we need to
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include ‘anna’ and that pronoun. One
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thing to bear in mind is that أنّ
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and أنْ look very similar when they're
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written down, right? Ordinarily in normal
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print, we're probably not going to see
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our vowel markings, we're not going to
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see ‘fatha’ or ‘sukuun,’ we might not
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even see that ‘shadda,’ right? ‘an’ and ‘anna’
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could look virtually identical, which is
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why it's a good idea as you're learning
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verbs to sort of associate the particle,
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the relevant particle, ‘anna’ or ‘an’
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with the appropriate verb, right? Verbs
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like يريد or يحبّ tend to
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take ‘an,’ that ‘to’ particle, whereas these
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verbs over here, that involve kind of
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presenting information tend more often
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to have ‘anna’ following them
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