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What is Grafting - Methods,Techniques,Benefits of Grafting | Grafting Tools - YouTube
Channel: GARDEN TIPS
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Hello Friends!
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In this Video, am gonna talk about an interesting
topic called Grafting!
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So, WHAT IS GRAFTING?
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Grafting also known as graftage, is a horticultural
technique whereby tissues of plants are joined
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together so that they continue their growth
together.
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The upper part of the combined plant is called
the scion while the lower part is called
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the rootstock.
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The grafting technique is most commonly used
in asexual propagation of commercially grown
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plants for the horticultural and agricultural
Business.
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In most cases, one plant is selected for its
roots and this is called the stock or rootstock.
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The other plant is selected for its stems,
leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the
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scion or cion.[1] The scion contains the desired
genes to be duplicated in future production
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by the stock/scion plant.
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Before going in detail about Grafting techniques
and advantages, Let me explain few scenarios:
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1.
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Have you ever come across one of those 'miracle'
trees?
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Like - an apple tree that produces six different
kinds of apples, or a tree that grows plums,
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peaches and other fruits, all on the same
Stem.
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2.
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Talking about another Scenario � like, -- You
buy an orange tree that has the strong roots
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of one variety, but the delicious fruit of
another variety.
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What will you think.
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Wont you think about a method which can combine
these two into one?
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For generations farmers, botanists, and home
gardeners have been using plant biology to
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make these ideas into reality through a technique
called Grafting � which is today�s topic.
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Well, Coming Back!
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The Concept of Grafting:
Firstly, You need to know a few parts of the
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plant.
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We are familiar with the outer layer of plants
- in trees, we know this as bark.
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However, there is a much more interesting
layer of tissue just beneath that bark layer,
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known as the cambium.
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This layer, that�s cambium, is undifferentiated,
meaning that the tissue in it doesn't have
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any particular job yet - it's just waiting
to be told what to do.
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This means that it can turn into anything
the plant needs: more bark, new vascular tissue,
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new branches, even some roots.
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Grafting takes advantage of this undifferentiated
tissue layer by exposing it and giving it
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an idea of what to do.
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The Vascular Tissues refer to Xylem and Phloem
� the Water and Food tubes of a plant.
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We will not go into details of these now.
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Coming to Another Scenario
One common example of grafting is used in
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Avocado or The Butter Fruit Plant.
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I have this plant with me, you can see this
plant.
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Infact, this was grown from a seed.
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If you've ever tried to grow an avocado tree
from an avocado seed, you know that the resulting
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tree isn't very strong.
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This is because the avocado trees that produce
the best fruit don't have the best support
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system.
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They put all of their energy into producing
tasty fruit part, so they don't have a lot
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of energy left over for things like strong
roots, or good defenses.
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This is why avocados are so expensive.
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There's a certain breed of avocado that produces
a really strong tree, but not very good fruit.
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The tree can live in many different kinds
of soil, and the roots defend themselves from
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diseases, but no one wanted to grow this tree
because the avocados were not very tasty.
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Thanks to grafting, it is now common practice
to take the scion from one tree and graft
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it onto the rootstock of the other, producing
a new tree with strong roots and delicious
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fruit.
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WOW!
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What an Idea?
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All this thanks to grafting!
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Various Grafting Methods
Grafting is a pretty easy thing to accomplish.
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There are several types of grafting that you
can choose from, depending on what you want
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to accomplish.
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In approach grafting, two fully formed plants
are attached together at their stems, leaving
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the leaves above and the roots below intact
without completely cutting anything on both
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plants.
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A small part on the side of each stem is stripped
of bark, and the newly exposed tissue is pressed
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together.
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The stems are tied together to allow time
for the tissue to heal over, kind of like
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forming a scab over a cut or wound in medical
practice.
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Well, This plant 'scab' will bind the two
stems together permanently.
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T budding is a technique in which the scion
is reduced to a single bud instead of a whole
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branch.
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The bud is removed from its original plant
along with a small portion of bark and underlying
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tissue.
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It is then nestled into a cut made into the
rootstock's stem, and tied in place.
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After the graft has healed over, the stem
of the rootstock above the newly grafted bud
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is removed, and the bud will grow.
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Cleft grafting is one of the most common techniques,
and yields strong grafts.
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In this type of graft, the rootstock is often
larger than the scion.
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A split or cleft is made in the rootstock,
which is wedged open.
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The scion is stripped of its bark at one end,
and the stripped end is sliced into a sharp
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angle.
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This angled scion is then placed into the
rootstock cleft and bound up until the graft
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heals.
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It is possible to graft more than one scion
to a single rootstock in this manner, and
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is the preferred method for grafting fruit
trees.
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There are many other specialized techniques
for grafting, but the basic method is the
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same: expose the cambium and encourage it
to form new vascular tissue.
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The more cambium exposed, the stronger the
graft, and the more likely your new plant
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parts will live.
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Factors for Successful Graft
� Compatibility of Scion and Stock: Because
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grafting involves the joining of vascular
tissues between the scion and rootstock, plants
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lacking vascular cambium cannot be normally
grafted.
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As a general rule, the closer two plants are
genetically, the more likely the graft union
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will be successful.
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� Cambium Alignment & Pressure: The vascular
cambium of the scion and stock should be tightly
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pressed together and oriented in the direction
of normal growth.
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Proper alignment and pressure encourages the
tissues to join quickly, allowing nutrients
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and water to transfer from the stockroot to
the scion.
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� Proper Care of Graft Site is must: After
grafting, it is important to nurse the grafted
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plant back to health for a period of time.
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Various grafting tapes and waxes are used
to protect the scion and stock from excessive
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water loss.
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Furthermore, depending on the type of graft,
twine or string is used to add structural
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support to the grafting site.
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Sometimes it is necessary to prune the site,
as the rootstock may produce shoots that inhibit
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the growth of the scion.
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Grafting Tools
� Grafting knives or Cutting Tools used
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have to be really sharp to minimize tissue
damage and clean from dirt and other substances
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to avoid the spread of disease.
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A good knife for general grafting should have
a blade and handle length of about 3 inches
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and 4 inches respectively.
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� Graft Seals: Keeps the grafting site hydrated.
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Good seals should be tight enough to retain
moisture while, at the same time, loose enough
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to accommodate plant growth.
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This includes specialized types of clays,
waxes, petroleum jelly, and adhesive tapes.
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� Other tools like Tying and Support Materials
� Grafting Machines are sometimes useful
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for Automation, Because grafting can take
a lot of time and skill, grafting machines
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have been created.
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Well, there s lot more about Grafting.
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We will not go into the depth.
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That�s all in this video friends!
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See you in another video, Till then Take Care
of yourself!
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