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Margins of Safety: Avoiding Traffic Pattern Stalls - YouTube
Channel: Air Safety Institute
[10]
pilots begin practicing stall
recognition and recovery before their
[15]
first solo flights they have to
demonstrate those skills repeatedly on
[19]
check rides and subsequent flight
reviews but year after year unintended
[23]
stalls are among the leading causes of
fatal aviation accidents why one major
[29]
reason is that the stalls we practice in
training don't look or feel much like
[33]
the ones that catch pilots off-guard
also pilots often fail to understand the
[39]
implications of being close to the
ground every time we fly a portion of
[44]
that flight is being spent in the red
zone basically an altitude that may not
[48]
offer enough time or height above the
ground to recover from a stall or spin
[56]
let's look at the standard wings level
power off stall the deliberate entry and
[62]
recovery that's taught to students is
the most docile of all the stall
[66]
maneuvers in the curriculum easy-peasy
and yet this procedure is meant to
[71]
prepare us for flying in the traffic
pattern where things can be very
[74]
different compared to practice maneuvers
actual stalls in the traffic pattern are
[80]
outright dangerous and they come as a
surprise
[83]
the shock slows a pilots reaction when
it's already at low altitude powers not
[89]
likely to be all the way back to idling
a lot of these occurred during turns if
[93]
the banks not coordinated the airplanes
likely to spin from an altitude that
[98]
doesn't leave room to recover even with
perfect technique traffic pattern stalls
[104]
usually result from some combination of
distraction for pattern discipline and
[109]
sloppy stick and rudder flying the
eventual loss of control arises from an
[115]
earlier loss of command discipline
precision and awareness are needed to
[120]
disrupt that chain of events the lower
the airplane the more the pilots
[124]
attention should be focused on the
fundamentals of flying it knowing the
[129]
causes helps define the Cure's there are
a few simple things we can do that will
[134]
help us keep command so we don't lose
control
[137]
the first is enforcing a sterile cockpit
this means minimizing distractions
[142]
during the high workload phases of
flight or a special approach and landing
[147]
the airlines prohibit all non-essential
activity or discussion below 10,000 feet
[152]
the equivalent for GA is the last 10
minutes before arrival and below 2500
[159]
feet above ground level once you're in
the sterile cockpit zone have your
[164]
passengers keep quiet
unless you can enlist them to your call
[167]
out traffic turn right around and come
back the other way and then
[178]
you should also stow any loose items you
won't need before landing think of it as
[183]
mentally decluttering the cockpit so
that once things get busy you'll be able
[188]
to give full attention to flying the
aircraft the second thing the pilots can
[193]
do to help eliminate lapses and
airmanship is a stabilized approach that
[198]
means having the airplane correctly
configured and at its intended altitude
[202]
airspeed and descent rate so that only
small adjustments to course and power
[206]
are required you cross the threshold
with the airplane ready to land but
[211]
stabilizing the approach begins long
before you turn final typically at each
[216]
checkpoint end of descent pattern entry
abeam the numbers base and short final
[222]
you should have precise targets for
airspeed altitude descent rate and
[226]
spacing from the runway make
configuration changes at the same points
[231]
every time and preferably wings level
keep turns to a maximum of 30 degrees of
[236]
bank and pay attention to coordination
keep in mind that there may be times
[241]
when a one-size-fits-all pattern
procedure doesn't apply where you'll
[244]
need to rely on using good judgment
based on the surrounding environment for
[249]
example flying into a mountain strip in
any case find the specific values that
[254]
work for your airplane the goal is to
aim small and miss small anything more
[260]
than a modest divergence from those
standards means that the approach is no
[265]
longer stable if there's any doubt power
up go around and try again
[271]
quite a few pattern stalls happen while
the pilots trying to slow the airplane
[276]
for spacing from traffic ahead any need
to slow below normal approach speed or
[281]
attempt s turns 360 s or other
non-standard maneuvers is a clear sign
[287]
that the approach isn't stable if it's
at the towers request don't hesitate to
[291]
tell them unable plan to go around with
a sidestep if that's necessary to keep
[297]
traffic in sight even after crossing a
threshold you're not home free come in
[303]
too fast and you might hit the nose gear
first and bounce back into the air this
[308]
carries a real risk of damaging the
aircraft flare too high and too
[313]
aggressively and you'll stall too far
above the runway once the nose drops is
[318]
a good chance it will touch down before
the mains the higher the altitude the
[323]
harder the impact you might escape with
just a hard landing but botched landings
[329]
have the potential to do damage to the
aircraft the good news here is that most
[333]
hard landings are survivable especially
when everyone's wearing a seat belt with
[337]
a shoulder harness stalls from altitude
aren't nearly as benign the extra energy
[343]
collected during a 50 or 100 foot fall
vastly increases impact forces more than
[349]
half of these accidents are fatal
compared to less than 2% of landing
[353]
stalls
the traffic pattern is not the place to
[356]
worry about things other than flying the
airplane and maintaining an adequate
[360]
margin of safety avoiding low-power
stalls isn't difficult but it requires
[366]
awareness and management of the
airplanes energy state just like every
[370]
other phase of flight understanding the
interplay between airspeed
[374]
angle-of-attack altitude bank angle and
descent rate enables you to maintain
[379]
control throughout the approach strive
for precision attend to the details and
[384]
focus on flying the machine until it's
down and stopped do it consistently and
[390]
the only stalls you'll ever see are the
ones you practice deliberately
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