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23 Publication Ethics - YouTube
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[Music]
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hello I am session due from ICM our
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National Institute of Epidemiology I
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will talk to you on publication ethics
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at the end of the session I expect that
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participants will be able to recognize
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various ethical issues related to
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publication and make use of guidelines
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available from various national and
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international organizations for
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publication ethics before I start my
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main slides I want you to throw some
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highlights on two issues the number one
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is if you remember the life cycle of our
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research how it goes on
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it starts with identified data needs and
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then spell out research question you
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formulate to your study objectives
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planned for analysis and prepare data
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collection instruments and then you go
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collect your data and analyze it and
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then draw some conclusions and
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recommendations publication exactly fits
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at the end of this process or this life
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cycle the second one is why to publish a
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research finding now if I ask somebody
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usually I get the answer is like it
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helps in career progression of course
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that is there because you need
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publication for your promotion or
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getting through an interview but if you
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think deeply it allows us to communicate
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our research findings to our
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stakeholders and when I say stakeholders
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this includes your peer group sitting
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across the world in addition the funding
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agencies and the common people also
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would like to see your results and your
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research findings it identifies the
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research gaps and the future potential
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areas of research
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finally it increases the responsibility
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to influence your practice because if it
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goes in the right direction then your
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paper matters or your research finding
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can influence the current practice
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available unfortunately postgraduate
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medical research
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in India often lacked relevance of
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research question may not address the
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local needs or sometimes have
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inappropriate design and methods and
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sometimes not accessible for others
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often you don't publish it and so it is
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difficult to find out your full report
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but there are instances that
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postgraduate research can contribute to
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clinical practice and you can change
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your practice in field whichever you are
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walking in with this note let's come to
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the main slides of today's topic I have
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enlisted various components of
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publication ethics but make sure that
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these lease is not the final one there
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are other issues related to publication
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ethics and sometimes some of these
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components are overlapping with each
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other so they may not be the separate
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entity so let's take a look at the
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components ethics review and breach of
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confidentiality fabrication and
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falsification authorship plagiarism
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ethics related to submission and
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conflict of interest
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the first ethics review and breach of
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confidentiality when you are planning
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for a research you must take the human
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eye on or animal ethics committee
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approval whichever is applicable as for
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the national guidelines also you must
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take the informed consent or
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age-appropriate assent whenever required
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because unless you have these two none
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of the journals are going to accept your
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manuscript if you are doing a trial then
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you must register this trial with
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clinical trial registry of India and you
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make sure that you are not disclosing
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the data other than people from your
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institution or whoever have access to it
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based on your ethics committee review
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there is a common habit that without
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institutional permission some pages used
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to share their work or the research work
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with people from other institution
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working
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maybe the friend maybe somebody else for
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data analysis but you must remember that
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these are not a good practice and this
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is unethical because unless you have
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your institutional permission you cannot
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do this you cannot disclose your
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information with outsiders the second
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one fabrication and falsification if the
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research results not generated from the
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study we call it fabrication or if it is
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generated by manipulating data we call
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it falsification these are extremely
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serious misconduct if your research
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comes under any scrutiny for any reason
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to defend that you must preserve your
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data for sufficiently long duration
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either in paper form or in electronic
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form I will share an example of
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falsification and fabrication with you a
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finally a postgraduate student came to
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me requesting to analyze his thesis data
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he also asked if I could make some
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significant results though they were not
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initially so participants this is case I
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felt the student has done the study
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appropriately but failed to get a
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statistically significant result he was
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expecting so he wanted me to manipulate
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the data to get his desired findings
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this is falsification then curiously I
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asked how he has collected the data to
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my surprise he revealed that the data
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was taken from his senior thesis now the
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whole game changed I understood that he
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didn't even do the study either copied
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completely from someone else or
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generated the new data without even
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doing the study this is fabrication it
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is the responsibility of all the
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postgraduate students to be faithful
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with the research works while the
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mentors and the guides should rigorously
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encourage the students to conduct the
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study as per protocol make an analysis
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plan during the designing stage itself
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and
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maintain the same father report the same
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results whatever you find falsification
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and so abrogation happens not only at PG
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level or at our country it happens
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everywhere across the world but the most
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important issue what is there is breach
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of trust of common people because they
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trust you you are going to deliver
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something they trust on it and also you
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are losing time and other resources
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which you cannot do and that is absolute
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ethical breach the third one authorship
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confers credit implies responsibility
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and accountability of your published
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work each author should be clear about
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their responsibility it is mandatory to
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declare the contribution of each authors
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and this is mandatory nowadays before
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you submit your manuscript to any
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journal decide on authorship while
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writing protocol itself that gives
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clarity and there is no ambiguity when
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we do when you do that right at the
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beginning the International Committee of
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medical journal editors recommends that
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authorship should be based on four
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criteria the criteria are number one
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substantial contributions to the
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conception or design of the work or the
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acquisition analysis or interpretation
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of data for the work and drafting the
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work for revising it critically for
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important intellectual content and final
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approval of the version to be published
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and finally agreement to be accountable
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for all aspects of the work in ensuring
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that questions related to the accuracy
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or integrity of any part of the work are
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appropriately investigated and resolved
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for example if your editor is asking for
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some queries make sure that the
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responsible person is accountable for
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answering these questions the fourth one
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ethics
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is related to submission there are
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issues with such things for example when
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one author is submitting the same
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manuscript simultaneously at different
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journals we call it simultaneous
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submission and that should not happen at
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any point of time you submit your
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manuscript to a journal the journal gets
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back to you the editor will reply back
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to you and you see what is the response
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from the editor if it is accepted then
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fine if it is not accepted they may ask
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a review for it again review and submit
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you do all those things and then you
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decide whether to be with that journal
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or to choose a different journal a
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duplicate submission is defined as
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submitting a new manuscript with same
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hypothesis methods data discussion and
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or conclusion which you have published
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earlier you cannot do that also it
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happens that when you are writing a
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manuscript you unnecessarily refers to
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your self written manuscript published
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earlier that should not happen you also
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be careful about submitting your
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manuscript to a pretty early journal
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these politically peer reviews any
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manuscript a list of literary journals
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is given by University Grants Commission
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Consortium for academic and research
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ethics follow those lists to choose your
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journals the fifth one major ISM is a
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very serious issue and I think the most
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commonly pasted by everybody offers it
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is defined as use of previously
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published manuscript by someone for his
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or her manuscript or unreferenced use of
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others published and unpublished ideas
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without consent credit or
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acknowledgement as I said if you again
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look back the definition carefully
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sometimes people think that it is only
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about copying and pasting it's not just
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copying and pasting in addition even the
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idea if you take from someone without
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acknowledging without his or her consent
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that is a serious issue
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there are various type of plagiarism
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like direct plagiarism when you copy
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from someone else work or self logarithm
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when you duplicates your own previously
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published paper and there is something
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called a redundant publication when we
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the same objective and hypothesis and
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research methodology you are using it
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for publishing as different different
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papers that is called as selami
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publications it should not happen of
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course you publish it as a single paper
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to avoid plagiarism avoid copy pasting
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in addition write the concept in your
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own words you spend more time with your
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papers with your references and
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literature to figure out what should be
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there and you figure out a new version
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of your draft but don't copy/paste
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acknowledge the original sources even it
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is unpublished work cite the reference
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accurately you may use the reference
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manager for this avoid writing several
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articles of same type that is the salami
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publication you can't do that and to
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avoid plagiarism finally what you can do
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is use a software tools like I can't
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authenticate or Turnitin but as well it
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should be as per the University norms
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because University will have their own
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criteria and won't software what they
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are using or subscribing the last one
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that is the conflict of interest is
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defined as financial personal social and
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other interests that directly or
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indirectly influence the conduct of the
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author with respect to the manuscript
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for example a PG or a researcher is
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conducting a truck trail which is funded
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by a pharmaceutical company of course
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the outcome can be influenced by the
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pharmaceutical company it is not just
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financial conflict of interest in
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addition they may change the outcome of
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interest so make sure that you are
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identifying those conflict of interest
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what you have to do
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is you have to disclose such conflicts
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of interest during submission and the
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readers will decide the influence of
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such conflict of interest on conclusion
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of the paper consequences of any
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research misconduct can be dealt with
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seriously Committee on publication
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ethics describes the consequences it
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depends on the type of misconduct which
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is major or minor you find out to be a
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major one even the author can be getting
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blacklisted by all the members journals
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also they can inform your Institute and
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the Institute can take action against it
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I have summarized in the existing
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guidelines related to publication for
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the academicians in Indian institutions
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what should be the index agencies what
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should be the type of articles and the
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authorship criteria which is required
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for your promotion and career
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preparation so I have summarized the
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checklist for publication ethics when
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you are planning for publication these
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starts right at the beginning when you
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start your work to make sure that you
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get your approval from your ethics
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committee and you get the content or the
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acent when you are collecting data you
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make sure that the data accuracy your
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maintained you have not done any
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falsification or fabrication of your
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data to check plagiarism you check with
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your university all the institution what
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they are using and you do accordingly
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but make sure that the plagiarism is not
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there as minimum as possible to make
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sure that you are submitting your
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manuscript to only one journal at one
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point of time according to the I cmj
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guidelines you have maintained the
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authorship criteria and you have chose
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the right authors and finally you make
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sure that you disclose all the conflict
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of interest you have thank you
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