ISLM Video Tutorial - YouTube

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simultaneous equilibrium in the goods market and the money market by combining the IS and

LM curves. This leads to a method for deriving the Aggregate Demand curve. This model is

also used to anticipate the economy's response to fiscal and monetary policy.

This slide displays the goods and services market on the top right hand side. The money

market is on the left. First, in the goods market, the horizontal

line is the equilibrium condition and the aggregate demand equation extends upward.

The equilibrium interest rate and level of income are extended down to derive the IS

curve. The higher interest rate results in a higher equilibrium income. Connecting these

points creates the IS Curve. In the money market, on the left, the real

money supply is the grey vertical line. When the demand for money curve crosses it the

equilibrium interest rate is found. For a higher level of national income (Y2), the

equilibrium interest rate is higher; these points create the LM curve.

The intersection of the IS and LM curves denotes the equilibrium level of interest and income

that will have both markets in simultaneous equilibrium.

From this information we can derive the aggregate demand curve in the Price/Income graph on

the top right. This is done by finding the IS-LM equilibrium for different price levels.

Price levels are in the real money supply equation that is represented by the grey vertical

bar. By drawing LM curves for different price levels, we can produce enough points in the

P/Y space to derive the aggregate demand curve. The LM curve is drawn for the first price

level, producing the first point at the intersection of P1 and the resulting equilibrium level

of national income. A reduction the price level increases the

real money supply because people can buy more with the money they have. The lower price

level shifts the money supply line outward. This causes the LM curve to shift down and

the equilibrium income (Y2) to be further to the right. Where this line intersects with

P2, the second point of the Aggregate demand curve is drawn. This process could be repeated

again to produce an even higher level of equilibrium with lower prices. By connecting these points

the downward sloping demand curve is formed. Now for the reactions of the markets to a

change in monetary policy. If the central bank increases the money supply (M) the real

money supply line shifts outward and the LM curve shifts outward accordingly.

Here is the LM curve being formed for M1, a low supply of money. This forms the first

point of equilibrium at i1 and Y1. When the central bank increases the money

supply to M2 the LM curve shifts down. The immediate result is that the interest

rate drops from its original equilibrium to the intersection of Y1 and the lower LM curve.

This is based on the assumption that the money markets adjust quickly. At this point the

money market is in balance because the point is on the LM curve, but the interest rate

is too low for the goods market to be in equilibrium. At this position there is an excessive demand

for goods so output and income start to increase. The Money market adjusts quickly to the increased

income: an increase in income increases the demand for money and in turn increases the

interest rate. This plays out as the point of equilibrium moves up the LM curve until

it reaches the IS curve. At this point the interest rate and Income stabilize and the

economy reaches equilibrium. So the end result of the policy of increasing the money supply

lower interest rates and a higher level of national income.

Fiscal policy takes the form of government spending. The two red aggregate demand functions

contain exogenous demand, of which government spending is a factor. Here the IS curve is

derived using the first value of exogenous demand. Equilibrium income and interest rate

are found. By increasing government spending the red

aggregate demand curves are shifted upward. The resulting IS2 is shifted outward. The

money market quickly responds and a new point of equilibrium is reached at i2 and Y2. So

by increasing government spending, the equilibrium level of national income has risen and the

interest rate has also risen. That completes the video. Now you know how

to find equilibrium in the goods and money market, how to derive the Aggregate Demand

curve based on that equilibrium, how the economy responds in the short run to a change in fiscal

policy such as increasing the money supply or a change in monetary policy such as an

increase in government spending.

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