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Amoxicillin | Bacterial Targets, Mechanism of Action, Adverse Effects | Antibiotic Lesson - YouTube
Channel: JJ Medicine
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hey everyone this lesson is on the
antibiotic amoxicillin and today we're
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gonna talk about what are the bacterial
targets of amoxicillin what is the
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mechanism of action of amoxicillin and
then we're also going to talk about some
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of the contraindications and the adverse
effects of amoxicillin usage so what is
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amoxicillin
well amoxicillin is actually one of the
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amino penicillins and it is a beta
lactam antibiotic so like all the
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beta-lactam antibiotics it actually has
a beta lactam ring now what are some of
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the targets of amoxicillin well some of
the targets of amoxicillin include the
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gram positive cocci which is similar to
penicillin G penicillin G is also a beta
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lactam antibiotic but amoxicillin has
increased effectiveness against
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enterococci as opposed to pen G now
amoxicillin can also target
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gram-negative aerobes such as Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, Proteus and h influenza
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and it can also have some effectiveness
against anaerobes similar to penicillin
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G as well and amoxicillin can also be
used for Listeria monocytogenes
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infections as well so how does
amoxicillin actually work what is its
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mechanism of action well first and
foremost amoxicillin is a bacterial
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lytic or bactericidal antibiotic and
it actually inhibits bacterial cell wall
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synthesis so it actually inhibits the
bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding
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to multiple penicillin binding proteins
so the penicillin binding proteins are
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important during the transpeptidase
steps of peptidoglycan synthesis and in
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fact amoxicillin actually inhibits the
final transpeptidase and step in
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peptidoglycan synthesis so here's a
quick schematic of what amoxicillin does
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so if you were to look at a bacterial
cell wall you'd be able to see these
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penicillin binding proteins now again
amoxicillin binds to these penicillin
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binding proteins and these penicillin
binding proteins are critically
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important for the cross-linking of
peptidoglycan and specifically the final
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transpeptidase step so that's why when
amoxicillin is in these sites is bound
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to penicillin binding proteins the
peptidoglycan is unable to cross link
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which means that the bacterial cell wall
is dysfunctional and in fact the
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bacteria would not be able to withstand
any changes in osmotic pressure or any
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other stressors which would lead to a
bacterial lysis or the death of the
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bacteria now one of the major problems
with the beta-lactam antibiotics is the
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development of antibiotic resistance and
bacteria have developed an enzyme known
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as betalactamase, which can actually
break down the antibiotic it'll break
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down the beta-lactam ring of the
antibiotic making it ineffective so we
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can get around this by actually
supplementing the antibiotic with
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another agent in this case we utilize
Clavel innate or clavulanic acid and we
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mix this with amoxicillin so you might
have heard of a moxie clap and this
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increases the effectiveness against a
variety of other bacteria as well
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including methicillin sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus
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so the MSSA not mr sa but MSS k it also
increases the effectiveness against h
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influenza as well it increases
effectiveness against Moraxella
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catarrhalis so because among Susilo
actually gives us an increased
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effectiveness against H influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis and because
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amoxicillin already has some antibiotic
properties against strep types of
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bacteria moxie cloud can be used and is
regularly used during otitis media or
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middle ear infection so Titus media if
it's a bacterial cause it is most likely
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caused by either the three bacteria h
influenza Moraxella catarrhalis or
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streptococcus so that's why we can use a
Moxie class during Ono otitis media
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infection so if we have determined that
a bacteria is sensitive to amoxicillin
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are there any reasons why we wouldn't
use amongst a so on so what are some of
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the contraindications of amoxicillin use
well one of the main reasons why we
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wouldn't use amoxicillin is just because
the patient has exhibited a previous
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history of a serious hypersensitivity to
amoxicillin or other beta lactams and
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these types of hypersensitivity could
include anaphylaxis or stevens-johnson
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syndrome so if the patient has presented
previously with these types of
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hypersensitivity to amoxicillin or other
beta-lactam antibiotics we would not use
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amoxicillin now what are some of the
adverse reactions of amoxicillin use
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well monticello news can cause a variety
of adverse reactions including
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hypersensitivity ng itis it can cause
and CNS agitation anxiety confusion
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dizziness headache insomnia seizure
it can cause rashes your dock area
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stevens-johnson syndrome if the patient
is allergic to amoxicillin or
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beta-lactam antibiotics
it can cause dental discoloration like
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the tetracyclines but it is extremely
rare to do that it can cause diarrhea
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nausea vomiting it can cause hematologic
issues such as anemia leukopenia
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thrombocytopenia or EOC Nephila and
increase in OC no fill count and it can
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cause hepatitis increase serum alt and
ast or cholestatic jaundice and as we
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mentioned previously it can cause
anaphylaxis but a lot of these adverse
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reactions are quite rare and usually are
not an issue anyways guys that was a
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quick lesson on amoxicillin and its
usage I hope you found this video
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helpful if you did please like and
subscribe for more videos like this one
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and as always thank you so much for
watching and have a great day
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