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Drilling 101: How a deep water well is drilled - YouTube
Channel: Shell
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shell deep water is fueling the growth
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of upstream americas by safely
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developing new reserves and maximizing
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the potential of its existing producing
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assets in the gulf of mexico brazil and
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venezuela drilling a safe deep water
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well can take years of planning and
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preparation
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after identifying potential oil and
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natural gas reservoirs beneath the sea
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floor using seismic technology a drill
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site is selected
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shell geoscientists choose the drill
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site location on the seafloor based upon
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the safest well path that will encounter
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the targeted oil and natural gas
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for an exploratory well in water depths
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up to 9000 feet deep this seafloor
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location is generally directly above the
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reservoir
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a drilling rig is required to drill a
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well
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in deep water the rig may be on one of
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three vessels
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a drill ship
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a semi-submersible vessel
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or it may be part of a floating
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production platform
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all rigs have a hoisting system to raise
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and lower the drill pipe and tools
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needed to drill the well
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a blowout preventer or bop stack
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and a pumping system to circulate fluids
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in and out of the well while drilling
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it's time to drill the hole or wellbore
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using a drill bit
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this initial step is called sputting in
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the well
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the shallow sediments just below the
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seafloor are often very soft and loose
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to keep the well from caving in and
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carry the weight of the well head a
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large diameter base pipe or casing is
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drilled or jetted into place
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the base pipe is assembled at the rig
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floor and a drill bit connected to a
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drill pipe is run through the inside to
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the bottom of the casing the entire
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assembly is lowered to the sea floor by
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the rig hoist
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at the sea floor the driller spuds the
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assembly into the sea floor sediments
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then turns on the pump
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water or drill fluid is used to jet the
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pipe into place until the well head is
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just above the sea floor
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with the base pipe and wellhead at the
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right depth the driller will release the
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bit and drill string from the jet pipe
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and drill ahead
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while the well bore is being drilled mud
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is pumped from the surface down through
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the inside of the drill pipe the mud
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passes through the jets in the drill bit
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and travels back to the sea floor
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through the space between the drill bit
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and the walls of the hole
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drilling mud is used to one lift rock
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cuttings from the hole
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two keep the drill bit cool and
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lubricated and three fill the well bore
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with fluid to equalize pressure and
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prevent water or other fluids in
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underground formations from flowing into
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the wellbore during drilling
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the mud is an environmentally friendly
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water-based mixture of clay for
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thickness and fine ground rock or bare
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right for weight
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at the planned depth the driller will
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stop drilling and pull the bit out of
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the hole
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a smaller pipe or casing string is then
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screwed together connected to the drill
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pipe and run down to the sea floor and
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into the well
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to permanently secure the casing in
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place cement followed by mud is then
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pumped down the inside of the drill pipe
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to separate the cement from the mud a
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cementing plug is used the plug is
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pushed by the mud to ensure the cement
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is placed outside of the casing filling
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the annular space between the casing and
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the open hole wall
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on some locations a second surface
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casing is needed thus the well is
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drilled even deeper
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in the second surface casing interval
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the well is cemented using a second
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smaller casing string repeating the same
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process used in the last hole section
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at this point in the well the pressure
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in the deeper rock may be too high to
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continue with the simple water-based
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clay mud or there may be the potential
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to encounter oil or gas before drilling
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below this point a blowout preventer
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with a riser will be installed at the
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sea floor
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the bop stack is a massive system of
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valves and rams that protect the rig and
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environment from oil and gas flows
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should the weight of the drilling mud be
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too low
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the bop stack is connected to a pipe
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called a riser
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the riser connects the rig to the well
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and allows us to circulate the drilling
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fluid and rock cuttings all the way back
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to the rig on the surface
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the bop stack is fully tested before we
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drill further
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drilling now resumes with the drill bit
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and drill pipe always operating through
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the bop stack
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just as we did further up the hole
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casing strings are run and cemented in
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place when needed to cover up the open
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hole sections
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when the oil and gas zones targeted by
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the geologists are reached and the
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presence of an oil or gas zone is proven
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a final casing string may be installed
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if the seafloor location is favorable
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for future development
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this final casing string allows for the
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future safe production of the oil and
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natural gas
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