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Corruption Perceptions Index Explained | Transparency International - YouTube
Channel: Transparency International
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The Corruption Perceptions Index (also known
as the CPI) scores and ranks countries around
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the world based on how corrupt their
public sector is perceived to be.
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The scores reflect the views of experts or surveys
of business people – not the general public.
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We calculate the CPI using data
from 13 different external sources.
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Transparency International is not involved in
the production of any of these 13 datasets.
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The CPI includes data produced by the
World Bank and the World Economic Forum,
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as well as by private risk and
consulting companies and think tanks.
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Each of the 13 sources rates countries using its
own scale. One source rates countries on a scale
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of 1 to 7, for instance, while another
uses a scale of 1 to 100.
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As a result, direct comparison of country scores
between different sources is not possible.
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Therefore, we transform each score from
the original scale into standardised
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values that show the position of
each country relative to others.
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By doing this, we are able to compare country
scores across the 13 different data sources.
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After standardising all scores,
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we then convert them into a scale from
0 to 100, which we use for the CPI.
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Next, we simply calculate the average
of the transformed scores for each
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country. The average score is
the CPI value for each country.
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In order to ensure reliability of the
results, only countries with data from
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at least three sources are included in the CPI.
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The CPI results are comparable across time back to 2012.
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This is because when we convert the original
data to the CPI scale we take into
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account the 2012 parameters, which turns 2012 into the baseline year.
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Annual CPI results from before 2012
cannot be compared to other years.
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The 13 different data sources used to
calculate the CPI all measure various
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aspects of corruption in the public sector.
This ranges from bribery, the diversion of
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public funds and the effective prosecution of
corruption cases to adequate legal frameworks,
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access to information, and legal protections for
whistleblowers, journalists and investigators.
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The CPI does not measure activities
such as tax fraud, money laundering,
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financial secrecy or illicit flows of money.
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Corruption generally involves illegal
activities, which are deliberately
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hidden and only come to light through
scandals, investigations or prosecutions.
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Researchers, civil society and
governments have made advances
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in measuring corruption in specific
sectors. However, to date there is no
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index which directly measures “real” levels
of corruption in all its manifestations.
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The data sources that make up the CPI ask
business executives and country experts
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questions which are based on carefully designed
questionnaires. The CPI scores generally correlate
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with certain objective measures, including
citizen’s reported experience with bribery.
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To ensure that the CPI methodology
and results are reliable,
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the index is regularly reviewed by
independent evaluators. Such reviews
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have consistenly shown that the CPI is
statistically and conceptually coherent.
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Ultimately, the CPI is the most widely used corruption measurement indicator due to the wide global coverage,
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the increased reliability which comes with combining different sources
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and the fact that it reconciles different points of view
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on what constitutes public sector corruption.
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For more information please
visit www.transparency.org/cpi
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