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THINKING, FAST AND SLOW BY DANIEL KAHNEMAN - PRIMING, HALO EFFECT, HINDSIGHT BIAS - YouTube
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1.
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Priming.
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If I talk to you about food and then I show
you this, youâll put the letter âUâ
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in there.
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If I talk to you about cleanliness first and
then I show you this, youâll put the letter
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âAâ in there.
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This is what is called priming.
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By simply priming people, you can significantly
affect their decisions.
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There was a study where a wine store played
French music on some days and German music
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on others, and the customers of course would
never think that this would affect anything,
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but they tended to buy more French wines on
the days when French music was played, and
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more German wines on the days when German
music was played.
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This is also one of the reasons why when you
walk into a store that promotes health and
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freshness like Whole Foods, youâll probably
be greeted with fresh flowers and fruit.
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It primes you for freshness.
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The first thing you see will never be canned
tuna, even though you can definitely buy plenty
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of canned stuff in there.
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2.
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The halo effect.
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If we really like someone, we tend to really
like everything they do and say.
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If they say something average, we might think
that itâs the best thing weâve ever heard,
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and if they say something stupid, we tend
to just go along with it anyway.
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And you probably have someone you really admire
and if they do something stupid youâll say,
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âOh whateverâŠ
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Everyone makes mistakesâŠâ
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But then if someone you didnât like did
the exact same thing, youâd be outraged.
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And the attractiveness of a person along with
other irrelevant factors plays a huge role
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in how much we like what they say and do.
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If weâre presented with two women who committed
the same crime, weâre much more likely to
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give a lighter punishment to the more attractive
one.
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And of course, that doesnât make sense!
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They committed the same crime!
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But that is the halo effect.
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So next time an attractive person or someone
youâve put on a pedestal is trying to give
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you advice, ask yourself, âIs this advice
valuable because itâs actually valuable,
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or am I blinded by how he looks, or how big
his house is, or how much I like him.â
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3.
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The Hindsight Bias.
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You probably know people who constantly feel
the need to say, âWell, I knew that was
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going to happenâŠâ
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âI knew that stock was going to fallâŠâ
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âI knew that we were going to lose that
warâŠâ
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âI knew that stock was going riseâŠâ
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This is called the hindsight bias.
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We tend to be experts at events after they
have already occurred.
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Itâs really weird how you know exactly which
stock is going to rise and which stock is
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going to fall because youâre completely
broke.
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If you actually knew that information, youâd
be a really rich person by now.
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And the hindsight bias can go from just annoying
to simply dangerous when we start to blame
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other people for not being able to see something
so obvious.
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You blame the government for making a certain
decision and think, âHow could they not
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see that?â
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Your girlfriend hits a pothole and you get
a flat tire and you get all pissed off, âHow
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did she not see that pothole?â
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WellâŠ
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Because if you were in government, you might
have thought that the decision was actually
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a good decision at the time it was made, and
if you were driving and looking in the mirror
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so you could make a turn, you might have not
seen the pothole yourself.
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So donât be that annoying person who feels
the need to tell everyone how you knew exactly
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who was going to win the finals and how the
stock was obviously going to rise.
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And definitely donât blame others for something
that seems so obvious just because itâs
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already happened.
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Of course itâs obvious now, but it wasnât
obvious before it actually happened.
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So the 3 big ideas areâŠ
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1.
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Priming.
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Realize the power of even the simplest suggestions
and what that does to peopleâs behavior.
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2.
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The halo effect.
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Stop thinking everything someone says is pure
gold just because you really like them.
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Chances are everything they say isnât that
flawless.
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3.
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And the hindsight bias.
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Realize that anyone can be an expert after
an event has already occurred.
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