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How Redlining Shaped Black America As We Know It | Unpack That - YouTube
Channel: The Root
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are you looking for a new neighborhood
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to live in then come on down to
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redlining beauty sanctioned by the US
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government
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there's depressed infrastructure
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underfunded schools no white people
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they're all in the suburbs heck we'll
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even throw in free shoes now doesn't
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that sound nice call redlining Realty
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today and we'll get you a house built on
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the most American foundation of all
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racism today's bagage redlining
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before we get into this BS policy called
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redlining that created housing
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segregation and pretty much jacked up
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the american dream for black folks let's
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take it back to the 1930s America is in
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the thick of the Great Depression and
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y'all it was bad around one-fifth of the
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country was unemployed and nearly
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everyone was dirt poor along comes FDR
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with his New Deal dooms trying to be
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vitalized the American economy which
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created what we now call the middle
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class but not so fast FDR's New Deal
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would cement racial inequality in
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America for generations to come and
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birth to programs that enforced housing
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segregation the Public Works
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Administration and the homeowners Loan
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Corporation known today as the Federal
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Housing Administration the PWA created
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affordable housing and surprise surprise
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the agency created separate public
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housing for black and white folks
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greatly segregating cities now let's
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talk about the Federal Housing
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Administration the FHA created
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low-interest mortgages to build homes
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across the country this agency actually
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build the suburbs as we know it they
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basically said the hey banks if someone
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applies for more kits go ahead build him
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a house even if they don't pay it back
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will still guarantee alone
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the effigies manual literally prohibited
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the occupancy of properties it's set by
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the race for which they are intended but
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before we go any further let me call on
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a friend to break down the legacy of
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redlining the world-renowned white pipe
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ologist from the roots
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Michael Harry he's a nerd IRL he's
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earned a master's degree in
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macroeconomics and even taught race as
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an economic constructs to some college
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kids
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what's good filiz what's going on good
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to see you and he's unpack that screeds
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how are these racist ass racist
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government policies tired for what we
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now call redlining
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the term came about because the federal
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government Uncle Sam knew created
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color-coded maps that told banks where
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they could give out housing loans the
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green sections were a goal where's the
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red sections typically where black
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people lived were deemed too risky even
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well-off black neighborhoods like Sugar
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Hill and Harlem where black people like
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Zora Neale Hurston and Duke Ellington
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lived were off-limits to banks
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aside from financial barriers there were
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actual physical barriers to prevent
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black people from living in white
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neighborhoods in the early 1940s there
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was a 6-foot high wall in Detroit
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because redlining and it's still there
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today the Fair Housing Act put an end to
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redlining in 1968 but we know it ain't
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go down like that banks across the
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country have been caught using redlining
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maps as recently as 2015 and get this
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most red-light areas are still
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low-income black and brown neighborhoods
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so FDR's New Deal pretty much screwed
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over generations of black folks to come
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how else has redlining impacted in black
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folks that's plenty but three really
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stick out wealth education and criminal
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justice first let's talk about wealth
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for Yahoo don't know home ownership is
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the primary driver of wealth and who has
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a harder time getting homes black people
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bingo
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even when home ownership is an option
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homes and black neighborhoods are on
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average valued around twenty five
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percent lower than homes and white
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neighborhoods this is the case across
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the board even if the homes and
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neighborhoods are similar so off the bat
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a home
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black neighborhoods are less valuable
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yep and the plot thickens
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people in redline neighborhoods pay
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higher insurance premiums they also pay
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higher interest rates and are denied
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mortgages more often hold up we get a
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lot of our school funding through local
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property taxes I bet that redlining in
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past education - how does that all work
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let me ask the genius who can answer
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that question yes Michael I am no not
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sued I'm in Nicole Hannah Jones she's
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the recipient of the MacArthur Genius
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grant and knows education like the back
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of my hand see I can get her up on our
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special genius hotline funny I don't see
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your name on the list Nicole tell our
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girl how redlining has impacted
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education we get most of our school
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funding through local property tax that
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meant that black cities can not produce
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as much money as white suburbs which can
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tax at a very low rate on high property
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tax and so you see vast disparities
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between how suburban schools that serve
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lots of white kids are funded and urban
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schools are served lots of black and
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Latino kids are funded and that all goes
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back to the legacy of redlining
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Wow did the Fair Housing Act helped at
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all once redlining and discrimination
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and lending and housing became illegal
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in 1968 we didn't read all of the
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property values that have been directly
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related to redlining which put a premium
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on white communities and put a much
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lower property value rate on black
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communities it's not like we started
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from scratch and equalized all of these
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property values we just continue to
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watch white communities accumulate more
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and more wealth and black communities be
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deprived and of course that's going to
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impact how schools can be funded are
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there any places where we can really see
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the effects of redlining
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on education one place where you can
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really see this play out probably in the
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most oppressive way would be the city of
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Detroit home to the most unequal school
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funding border in the country and that's
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the border between Grosse Pointe which
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is very very wealthy and almost entirely
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white which borders right on Detroit the
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schools in Detroit are falling apart and
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the schools in Grosse Pointe one of them
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has marble floors thanks Nicole
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that was a lot
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cycle doesn't end there redlining
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education and criminal justice are all
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related let me take you on a trip to one
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of my favorite cities here is the
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original 1937 redlining map of Baltimore
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even though blacks and whites use
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illegal drugs at about the same rates
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black people are three times more likely
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to be arrested and what do you think
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they go to fight this war on drugs I've
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seen the wire they go to the hood see
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the red areas on the map that's the
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forbidden neighborhoods remember now
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let's look at this data of marijuana
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arrest between January 2013 and October
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2014
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here are the heroin arrests and the
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crack arrests drug arrests and poverty
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are almost exclusively contained in the
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red-light areas isn't that remarkable
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you pronounced a racist wrong and
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getting out of jail ain't easier in
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Maryland 13 of the 15 zip codes with the
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highest bills are in Baltimore's redline
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neighborhoods deal yeah
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so basically redline and created poor
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neighborhoods which led to underfunded
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schools war poverty and war black people
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in prison let me guess and the cycle
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continues like a dog chasing its tail so
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the hood in the hood because black
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people made it the hood rather it was
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intentionally created by the government
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to oppress black people through a
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federal policy that would adversely
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impact them for generations to come
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precisely and there's more but that's
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all we had time for in this year video
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almost every quantifiable indicator of
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white supremacy all lead back to the
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government-sanctioned policy of red
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light Michael you just ruined my whole
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day this is the last time I invited you
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to the show bye Michael
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[Music]
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maybe we could just do I think we should
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which we shouldn't even look at each
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other okay we can do that one
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