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Demonstrating Quantum Supremacy - YouTube
Channel: Google
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the tantalizing promise of quantum
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computers is that they can do certain
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tasks exponentially faster than
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classical machines and the quantum
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supremacy experiment is proof sets is
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indeed the case
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[Music]
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the word quantum computer is a little
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bit misleading because it sounds like a
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computer and when people think of
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computer they think of a phone or a
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laptop the truth is the phone and the
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laptop and even a very powerful
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supercomputer all operate according to
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the same fundamental rules and a quantum
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computer is fundamentally different the
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classical bit stores information as a
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zero or one and a quantum bit can be
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both zero and one at the same time if
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you have two quantum bits then there are
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four possible states that you can put in
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superposition with three cubits that's
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eight four cubits at 16 but grows
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exponentially the nice thing about
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quantum supremacy is that is this a very
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well-defined engineering milestone in a
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nut cell what we're trying to do is
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we're trying to so that experimental
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quantum computers can surpass the best
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supercomputers in the world to actually
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demonstrate quantum supremacy we have
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these three steps first pick a circuit
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second run it on the quantum computer
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third simulate what the quantum computer
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is doing on a classical computer we
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gradually increase the complexity of
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that circuit at some point it becomes
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completely impossible for the classical
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computer to keep up
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then we say we've achieved quantum
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supremacy we started building together
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in the quantum chips to do this
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experiment and then the evolution of the
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devices worth more and more qubits and
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more and more complexity it's very much
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an iterative process a lot of the work
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that we put in was not just these chips
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but is also the infrastructure that you
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need to drive those chips the cryostats
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that we install them in all of the
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control electronics software all of this
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stuff is needed and it all has to be
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developed when the experiment is started
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we're getting data from the experimental
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ease we saw initially a beautiful
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straight line corresponding to
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predictions then right before we hit
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supremacy they it's dropped much faster
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and it fell below the threshold and
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there's nothing we can do because we
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don't know how to analyze past that so
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everyone's like oh we're screwed because
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it's just it's getting really really bad
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at large number of qubits it's like well
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maybe there's some really complex
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interaction between all the qubits it
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turned out that the reason was Rosalina
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and we calibrated a little bit better
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runs and does this problem disappeared
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so there wasn't like uh-oh
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we did it I think we crossed it and then
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it wasn't clear that we crossed it so we
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crossed it a little bit further it took
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me like a day to realize like hold on
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you know this is actually experimental
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later it's kind of amazing to see you
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know how well the theory works the
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processes that achieved acronym
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supremacy is called the Sycamore
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processor and it's parallel processing
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to to the 53 States which is 10 million
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billion and thus that enormous amount of
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parallel processing is what gives it the
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power
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when we run as small chunks of the
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computation is the largest
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supercommittee in the world our estimate
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is that it will take thousands of years
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to complete the full computation
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technologies are born this way let's say
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the Space Age started was satellite
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orbiting Earth and was not doing much it
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was just beeping the big technical
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achievement of quantum supremacy was
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really dependent on all this young
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talent who's kind of taken this and
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gotten it to work at a very
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technologically capable level
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we have reached a new computational
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capability there are certain
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computations the only place in the world
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where you can compute those things is
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you know a data center at Google Santa
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Barbara for the first time we're showing
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that we can solve a problem that is just
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infeasible to do on the biggest
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computers ever made by civilization and
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what's exciting is now we're ready to
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turn this over to the world and say
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let's figure out what we can do with
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this the thing that excites me most is
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building a useful quantum computer when
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we can give a researcher a tool but is
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unlike any other and say great figure
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out something cool to do with it mankind
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is pretty good at that
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you
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[Applause]
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